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Honeycomb Steers Light around Sharp Curves

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Microscale plastic honeycomb structures can make light beams turn on a dime, a development that could allow more optical relays to be packed onto photonic integrated chips.

These spatially variant photonic crystals (SVPCs) were designed by researchers at the University of Texas at El Paso, then fabricated and tested at the University of Central Florida.

Using multiphoton direct laser writing, the Central Florida team created the structures out of the low-refractive-index photopolymer SU-8.

Spatially variant photonic crystal
The red line depicts a light beam traveling and bending through the spatially variant photonic crystal lattice. The blue line shows how the light beam’s energy is conserved throughout the tight bend. Courtesy of the EM Lab/University of Texas at El Paso.


The researchers then directed 2.94-μm light beams through the lattices, which they found could direct the light around a 90° turn without loss. Additionally, the researchers found that the SVPCs bent vertically polarized light 25 times more effectively than horizontally polarized light.

Conventional waveguides like optical fibers can be used to steer light, but only through gradual bends. If the turn is too quick, the light beams escape and energy is lost.

Javier Pazos, who worked on the project while completing his doctorate at Texas, said the polymer used in the SVPC is ordinary and inexpensive, particularly when compared to other technologies attempting to manipulate light in the same way. Pazos now works for Intel, which is developing photonic integration technologies.

Deposition Sciences Inc. - Difficult Coatings - MR-8/23

“The fact that we can do this with a simple plastic — an epoxy — is a pretty big deal,” Pazos said. “Normally, you need an exotic, unheard-of material to even attempt this.”

Other approaches to bending light beams have included graded photonic crystals and graded-index materials, both of which produce bending through refraction, the researchers wrote in Optics Express (doi: 10.1364/OE.22.025788 [open access]). SVPCs, on the other hand, bend light by diffraction.

Using light rather than electricity to carry information on computer chips could lead to big gains in speed and efficiency. “One of challenges when using light is figuring out a way to make tight bends so we can replace the metal wiring more effectively,” said Texas professor Dr. Raymond Rumpf.

Engineered optical elements like the SVPCs, and the technique used to create them, could hold the key.

“Direct laser writing has the potential to become a flexible means for manufacturing next-generation computer devices,” said Central Florida professor Dr. Stephen Kuebler.

For more information, visit www.utep.edu and www.ucf.edu.

Published: March 2015
Glossary
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other electromagnetic waves. In simpler terms, it describes the direction in which the electric field vector of a wave vibrates. Understanding polarization is important in various fields, including optics, telecommunications, and physics. Key points about polarization: Transverse waves: Polarization is a concept associated with transverse waves, where the oscillations occur...
diffraction
As a wavefront of light passes by an opaque edge or through an opening, secondary weaker wavefronts are generated, apparently originating at that edge. These secondary wavefronts will interfere with the primary wavefront as well as with each other to form various diffraction patterns.
refraction
The bending of oblique incident rays as they pass from a medium having one refractive index into a medium with a different refractive index.
Research & TechnologyAmericasFloridaTexasUniversity of Central FloridaUniversity of Texas at El PasoOpticsphotonic integrated chipsPICsspatially variant photonic crystalsSVPCsSU-8MaterialspolarizationdiffractionJavier PazosrefractionRaymond RumpfStephen KueblerTech Pulse

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