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Photonics Dictionary: I
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IOE
interfacing optical element
ion
An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carries a negative or positive charge.
ion laser
A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized gas. The gases are electrically excited in a container called a plasma tube,...
ion pair
Two oppositely charged particles.
ion-assisted deposition
A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions of oxygen and argon. The kinetic energy then dissipates in the film, causing...
ion-beam sputtering
Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It involves bombarding a target material with a beam of energetic ions,...
ionic focusing
Also known as gas focusing. The introduction of an inert gas into a cathode-ray tube for the concentration of the electron beam. The gas molecules are ionized by the electrons, producing a core of...
ionization chamber
A closed vessel with electrodes of different potentials that is used to determine how much ionization took place in a gas after its exposure to x-rays or radioactive emissions.
ionization potential
The amount of energy required for a particular kind of atom to remove an electron to infinite distance. The ionization potential is usually expressed in volts.
ionizing radiation
Generally, any radiation that can form ions, either directly or indirectly, while traveling through a substance.
ionography
An electroradiographic process that uses ionization of air by x-rays as a basis for forming electrostatic images.
ionosphere
The gas of charged particles that begins approximately 50 km above the surface of the Earth and contains a sufficient quantity of electrons and ions to affect the propagation of radio waves.
IRAS
infrared astronomy satellite
iridescence
The rainbow exhibition of colors, usually caused by interference of light of different wavelengths reflected from superficial layers in the surface of a material.
IRIS
infrared intelligent spectro-radiometer; infrared interferometer spectrometer
Ishihara test
->
color perception test equipment
Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The commercially available examples include: the Ishihara plates, on which...
ISL
intersatellite link
isochromatic lines
1. Lines of the same color. 2. A term used in photoelastic stress analysis to refer to the interference fringes produced in birefringent materials.
isocon
->
image isocon
A television camera tube that preceded the development of the vidicon tube and incorporated a method to separate reflected and scattered portions of the return beam so that only the scattered...
isodivs
A graphic depiction of the loci of all points in space relative to a laser transmitter at a specific altitude.
isotope shift
The slight difference in wavelength of an element's given spectral line observed in comparing different isotopes of that element.
isotropic
That property of a material that determines that velocity of propagation within the material is the same for all directions.
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
IVHS
intelligent vehicle highway system
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Photonics Dictionary
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