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Photonics Dictionary: R

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radiation pressure
The force exerted on a surface by radiation.
random access multiphoton microscopy
Also known as RAMP microscopy, random access multiphoton microscopy is a microscopic technique that uses multiple acousto-optic modulators to enable faster and addressable scanning of 3D cellular...
rapid access system
A photographic camera and processing system used to form a usable record of the subject in a short time, usually a few seconds, for immediate analysis.
rare-earth type glass
Optical glasses containing the oxides of rare earths such as lanthanum to impart a very high refractive index combined with a low dispersive power.
raster image processor
In imaging technology, a device that converts raster or line-scan data to pixel form for further processing.
raw glass
A term that describes any state of glass before its manufacture as an element.
reading glass
A low-power magnifier that usually has a large diameter.
real-time processing
The ability of a vision system to interpret an image in a short enough time to keep pace with most operations.
region-of-interest processing
Image processing operations performed on one area of an image.
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a brighter image in low-light situations. The relative brightness value is...
repressing -> molded blank
A blank whose basic surface curves are attained by heating and forming a given weight of raw glass; a rough glass blank resembling the finished lens in size and shape. After molding, a precision lens...
retroreflecting multipass cell
Two lenses, separated by a distance equal to the sum of their focal lengths, and retroreflecting mirror assemblies, one of which is coaxial with the lenses and the other slightly translated off-axis.
Rockwell hardness
Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation test. It is named after the Rockwell scale, which was developed by Stanley...
Ross lens
A corrective lens system that is placed near the focal plane of a Newtonian telescope to increase its effective field of view by correcting for coma formed by the telescope's paraboloidal mirror.
rss
root sum square
RSS
ray surfaces per second; reduced space symbology
root sum square
A statistical method of dealing with a series of values where each value is squared, the sum of these squares is calculated and the square root of that sum is then taken.
R
resistance; roentgen; Rankine
Rabi oscillations
Rabi oscillations are a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics that describe the periodic and reversible exchange of energy between two quantum states when subjected to an oscillating external...
RACE
research into advanced communications in Europe
racemic
Inactive optically, but having the capacity for resolution into forms of opposed optical activity. The term is derived from racemic acid, an optically inactive, tartaric acid.
rad
A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material.
radar display
The spontaneous visual presentation of radar information by electronic traces on a cathode-ray tube.
radargrammetry
The analysis of the photographs taken from the radar display of a survey aircraft and used when recording terrain that is obscured by clouds.
radiac
An acronym for radioactive detection, identification and computation. The term refers to the detection and measurement of the intensity of emitted nuclear radiation.
radial astigmatism
The astigmatism in a lens system that results when light enters the system at an oblique angle.
radial distortion
An alteration in magnification from the center of the field to any point in the field, measured in a radial direction from the center of the field. Some radial distortion is inherent in most optical...
radial distribution method
A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this way, the interatomic distances of gases and liquids can be deduced, with...
radial gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the index varies in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. Radial gradient lenses can focus light even when the lens surfaces are flat,...
radial grating
A grating in which the wires or rods are set radially within a circular structure.
radial runoff
The deviation from the ideal case where a circular variable filter is located at a given wavelength along a radial line (or constant angle of rotation) regardless of the distance from the center of...
radial velocity
The velocity from object to observer, directed along the line of sight.
radially variable reflectivity optic
A reflecting optic whose reflectivity is a function of the radial distance from the optic axis; can be used to convert a Gaussian beam to one of uniform cross section.
radian
The unit angle, within an arc of a circle, equal to the radius of the circle (180/p°, numerically).
radiance
Radiant power per unit source area per unit solid angle. Usually it is expressed in watts/m2/steradian.
radiance factor
Ratio of the radiance of the specimen to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically irradiated.
radiant
Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation, with the contributions at all wavelengths of interest weighted equally.
radiant efficiency
The ratio of the radiant flux emitted by a source to the power supplied.
radiant emittance
Radiant power emitted into a full sphere (4p steradians) by a unit area of a source; expressed in watts per square meter.
radiant energy
The energy passed on as electromagnetic radiation; e.g., radio, heat or light waves.
radiant exitance
The radiant flux per unit area emitted from a surface.
radiant exposure -> exposure
In optics, the total radiant energy incident on a surface-per-unit area. It is equal to the integral over time of the radiant flux density. Also known as radiant exposure.
radiant flux -> radiant power
The time rate of flow of radiant energy, expressed in watts (W), and carries the units of Joule per second (J/s). The prefix often is dropped and the term "power" used.
radiant flux density -> irradiance
Radiant flux incident per unit area of a surface. Also called radiant flux density.
radiant heat
Infrared radiation emitted from a source that is not heated sufficiently to give off visible radiation.
radiant intensity
The radiant energy emitted within a time period per unit solid angle, usually measured in watts per steradian.
radiant power
The time rate of flow of radiant energy, expressed in watts (W), and carries the units of Joule per second (J/s). The prefix often is dropped and the term "power" used.
radiant reflectance -> reflectance
The ratio of reflected flux to incident flux. Unless otherwise specified, the total reflectance is meant; it is sometimes convenient to divide this into the sum of the specular and the diffuse...
radiation
The emission and/or propagation of energy through space or through a medium in the form of either waves or corpuscular emission.
radiation counter
An instrument used to recognize and identify incident radiation by the ionizing or stimulating properties of the radiation.

Photonics DictionaryR


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