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Photonics Dictionary

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photographic dosimetry

The use of photographic emulsions to detect and determine the amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, in an area. This is accomplished by exposing the emulsion to the radiation...

photographic exposure

The product of exposure time and irradiance or illuminance.

photographic field

The maximum angle of view that can be recorded by a camera. Field is a function of lens focal length and film format.

photographic photometry

A form of photometric measurement, often used with light sources that are transparent or fluctuating, in which a photographic plate is used to obtain a record of a source's relative intensities over...

photographic radiometry

The use of photographic recording equipment to measure radiant energy. With this procedure, many measurements of radiant energy can be recorded simultaneously and permanently.

photographic resolution

A measure of the ability of a photographic system to record fine detail. Usually stated in terms of cycles per millimeter on the processed film.

photographic sensitometer -> sensitometer

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure or a continuously varied exposure; after processing, the density is measured...

photographic sensitometry

The measurement of the responsivity of photographic media and of the relations between exposure and density of developed images.

photographic shutter efficiency

A measure of the total light passed by a shutter during an exposure, compared with the light that could be passed by an idealized, infinitely fast shutter fully open for the same extreme time.

photographic sound recorder

A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and recorded on film.

photographic thermometry

The photographic recording of the heat radiation emitted from various points on the object as corresponding density variations on fast infrared film.

optical sound recorder -> photographic sound recorder

A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and recorded on film.

color photographic film

Film that produces color negatives or transparencies by the use of three emulsions, one coated over the other, that are each sensitive to one of the colors red, blue or green.

flash photographic density filter

A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing photographic film. Such materials are almost equally opaque to radiation of...

optical density (photographic)

The transmittance of a point on a photographic negative equal to the log to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the transmittance through the negative at that point.

panchromatic photographic film

Black and white film that has a wavelength sensitivity similar to that of the eye.

transparent electrophotographic films

Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic photoconductive top coating. When charged and exposed to light, an...

acetate film

Also cellulose acetate film. The emulsion layer applied to the substrate of a photographic surface. The emulsion layer is composed of small particles suspended in gelatin solution.

adjacency effect

With respect to photography, the change in the density-exposure relations, for small details of the photographic image, that is noted when compared with the density-exposure relations for large...

aerial survey

The creation of a planned sequence of data input that is obtained while airborne for use in aerial photogrammetry and other types of map making and surveying. The data can be photographic, electronic...

automatic recording spectrograph

A direct reading spectrograph having a photomultiplier assembly in place of a photographic plate. The output from the photomultiplier assembly is received by a microammeter or a pen recorder.

autopositive

Any photographic medium that, when chemically developed, produces an exact photographic reproduction of the original.

autoradiography

The photographic recording of the distribution and location of radioactive substances found in a specimen. The record formed is the autoradiograph.

bolograph

A bolometer that serves to record. The photographic record formed by the bolometer may be called bolograph or bologram.

bubble chamber photography

The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.

calcium iodide

A hygroscopic powder used in the photographic process.

Callier coefficient

The coefficient termed by Callier as the ratio between the density of photographic negatives measured by parallel light and that measured by diffuse light, due to scattering effects. This effect is...

camera reduction

The use of the photographic process to produce precision copies of an original image that are many times smaller in size. One of its many applications is in microcircuitry.

cathode-ray tube faceplate

A fiber optic end plate constructed by drawing a bundle of parallel fibers embedded in glass and cutting it into thin slices. These slices are assembled in a plane and heated to produce a...

chronophotograph

The continuous record containing the series of pictures formed by chronophotographic methods.

chronophotography

The photographic recording of an action by taking a series of still pictures at regular intervals throughout the action.

cineradiography

The photographic filming of the action of x-ray images recorded on a fluorescent screen by means of large lens apertures and highly sensitive filters.

Clayden effect

The desensitization of the first photographic exposure after it has been subjected to high-intensity radiation.

contact fluorography

A fluorographic method whereby the sensitive photographic medium is pressed against a fluorescent screen to form a visible image.

coordinate measuring microscope

An instrument used to measure the coordinates of a point on an object such as a photographic plate.

crystallogram

The photographic record of the diffraction pattern formed when x-rays pass through a crystal.

Debye-Scherrer-Hull method -> x-ray analysis

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In the Laue method, radiation of a wide range of wavelengths is transmitted by...

definition test object

A chart, either printed on paper or prepared photographically on glass plates or film, that consists of 3-bar resolution test objects, sine-wave test objects for modulation transfer function...

densitometer

1. An instrument used to measure the opacity or density of dyes, pigments or dispersed particles that form an image in or on a medium, such as a photographic film. 2. A device used to measure the...

densitometry

The detection and analysis of the transmission and reflection properties of objects and photographic images.

detector

1. A device designed to convert the energy of incident radiation into another form for the determination of the presence of the radiation. The device may function by electrical, photographic or...

developer

A chemical solution that changes the silver salts (latent image) of exposed photographic film into black metallic silver (visual image).

diazo film

A type of photographic film, often used in microfilming, that is processed by heat treatment, needing no liquid application.

digital camera

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film cameras, which use photographic film to capture and store images, digital...

double-Gauss lens

A fast, wide-angle lens used in television and photographic cameras, with excellent overall correction, but subject to residual oblique spherical aberration.

double-pulsed holography

Holographic recording whereby the object is illuminated by two pulses, separated by a time interval, from a Q-switched laser source. Each pulse is divided into reference and object beams, and...

Eberhard effect

Observed phenomenon of a small developed image with higher density than a larger image because of variation in photographic plate densities with variations in size of opening.

electrolytic development

Developing a photographic image by means of an applied electric field. The methods used include electrolysis and photoconductive systems.

electron micrograph

The photographic recording of images produced by the electrons from an electron microscope. The electron beam carries the images through an array of three lenses, and an enlarged electron image is...

electron microradiography

The photographic recording, and later enlarging, of very thin specimens, using an electron beam to form the image.

Photonics Dictionary