Photonics Dictionary: D

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced, uniform-intensity spots or beams. It is named after its inventor, Dr. Herbert Dammann. The...

An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to measure the state of correction of an optical system. This number, which is...

Continuous conversion of oscillatory energy into heat, relative to time or distance.

The ability of the human eye to adjust itself to low levels of illumination.

A precision-engineered microminiature light source that is safe for darkroom use, yet emits a beam of light bright enough to read by.

The current that flows in a photodetector when there is no optical radiation incident on the detector and operating voltages are applied.

A multilayer coating that manifests both a low radiant reflectance and radiant absorption.

The noise produced in a photodetector when the photocathode is shielded from all external optical radiation and operating voltages are applied.

The portion of a glow discharge tube that permits little or no light transmission.

A disc contained within an electronic cell counter for regulating light transmission.

The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.

A photomicrographic recording technique that utilizes dark-field illumination to render an image of an object having a refractive index much like that of the medium holding it. The object may be...

The formation of a dark-colored film on a metal surface by chemical activity.

A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive materials.

An accurate cathode-ray tube display used to provide visual representation stored in a computer for the interpretation and evaluation of the data.

A system incorporated into fiber optic data communications characterized by several spatially distributed terminals that are served with the same multiplexed signal.

A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential pulse code modulation; run end coding; run length coding.

A multidimensional array of values that is commonly used in programming to describe a time series of image data. Each dimension in the data cube represents a new attribute, while the cells of the...

The communications network between nodes of a data transmission system.

Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.

The concept of the de Broglie wavelength exploits the wave-particle duality of quantum physics by associating all matter (of all sizes) with wavelike properties. The de Broglie wavelength states that...

The conversion of an internal latent image into a surface latent image through exposure to infrared radiation. The converse of the Herschel effect.

The selective absorption of electromagnetic waves by a liquid made up of molecules with permanent dipole movement.

A device used in ultrasonic imaging to measure the velocity and attenuation of compressional waves in a transparent liquid by virtue of acoustic waves set up in the liquid. The wavefronts serve as a...

In a single element, any lack of coincidence between the optical and the mechanical axes. In a lens system, any lack of coincidence of optical axes of the lens elements that make up that system.

An aberration occurring in a lens system when one or more of the centers of curvature of the optical surfaces do not coincide with the system's axis.

The process of reducing the size of an image by removing a certain proportion of the samples produced from the original image.

An approach to optical character recognition based on matching the input character against a set of stored prototypes.

A structural method of optical character recognition, used where the input media are variable, as in hand-written or multifont documents. A series of questions (such as "Does the character contain a...

A concave surface that has too much negative power; i.e., its radius of curvature is too short. This condition can be corrected if material is removed from the center section of the polisher.

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex problems. The term "deep" in deep learning refers to the use of deep...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the UV-A and UV-B regions. The exact wavelength range considered as DUV can...

A CCD device for sensing longer wavelengths, such as NIR and IR, that has a deeper depletion region than would be necessary for sensing in the visible wavelength range. Because the depth of charge...

An optical fiber, usually a single-mode fiber, that has an outer cladding with nearly the same index of refraction as the core and an inner cladding with a very low index of refraction.

The clarity of an optically reproduced image. Definition is produced by the combination of resolution and acutance.

A chart, either printed on paper or prepared photographically on glass plates or film, that consists of 3-bar resolution test objects, sine-wave test objects for modulation transfer function...

Any bending of a wave of radiation away from its expected path, as, for example, by diffraction or by a magnetic field.

The circuit that regulates an electron beam's deflection in a cathode-ray tube.