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Light Emitting Diodes - A Primer

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Russ Dahl, Opto Diode Corporation

From the Web Exclusive, "Seeing the True Colors of LEDs." Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductors that convert electrical energy into light energy. The color of the emitted light depends on the semiconductor material and composition. The LEDs are generally classified into three wavelengths: Ultraviolet, visible and infrared. The wavelength range of commercially available LEDs with single-pixel-output power of at least 5mW is 360nm to 950nm. Each wavelength range is made from a specific semiconductor material family, regardless of the manufacturer. Ultraviolet LEDs (UV...Read full article

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    Published: September 2008
    Glossary
    infrared
    Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but shorter than those of microwaves. The infrared spectrum spans wavelengths roughly between 700 nanometers (nm) and 1 millimeter (mm). It is divided into three main subcategories: Near-infrared (NIR): Wavelengths from approximately 700 nm to 1.4 micrometers (µm). Near-infrared light is often used in telecommunications, as well as in various imaging and sensing...
    photonics
    The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The science includes light emission, transmission, deflection, amplification and detection by optical components and instruments, lasers and other light sources, fiber optics, electro-optical instrumentation, related hardware and electronics, and sophisticated systems. The range of applications of photonics extends from energy generation to detection to communications and...
    spectrum
    See optical spectrum; visible spectrum.
    ultraviolet
    That invisible region of the spectrum just beyond the violet end of the visible region. Wavelengths range from 1 to 400 nm.
    visible spectrum
    That region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the retina is sensitive and by which the eye sees. It extends from about 400 to 750 nm in wavelength.
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