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Optical Cluster States Could Enable One-Way Quantum Computing

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Using a compact optical platform, a research team at Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique (INRS) has generated a high-dimensional, d-level cluster state and has used it to perform quantum computing operations. According to the researchers, the platform they have developed is capable of generating quantum states with complexities sufficient to achieve one-way quantum computing objectives.

By judiciously designing the quantum state of photons, it is possible to increase the information storage capacity of qubits to obtain the so-called qudits used by the researchers. By grouping the qudits into clusters, the researchers achieved high-dimensional, one-way quantum computing operations, where processing was performed through measurements.

The INRS team, led by professor Roberto Morandotti, characterized and tested the noise sensitivity of 3-level, 4-partite cluster states formed by two photons in the time and frequency domain. The researchers confirmed genuine multipartite entanglement with higher noise robustness compared to conventional 2-level cluster states. They performed proof-of-concept high-dimensional one-way quantum operations, where the cluster states were transformed into orthogonal, maximally entangled d-level 2-partite states by means of projection measurements.

Professor José Azaña said photons present an advantage over other approaches to quantum processing: “They are used to transmit information via optical fibers in existing telecommunications systems. That means photons with controlled quantum properties can also travel through these same channels without losing their attributes.”

The team’s scalable approach is based on integrated photonic chips and optical fiber communication components. The compact system is made from commercially available components and is compatible with existing electronics and telecommunications technologies. The generation of cluster states based on subsystems that have more than two dimensions, that is, d-level cluster states, could increase quantum resources and also enable novel algorithms.

The research was published in Nature Physics (doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0347-x).
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Published: December 2018
Glossary
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers, modulators, detectors, and waveguides, on a single chip or substrate. The goal of integrated photonics is to miniaturize and consolidate optical elements in a manner similar to the integration of electronic components on a microchip in traditional integrated circuits. Key aspects of integrated photonics include: Miniaturization: Integrated photonics aims to reduce the...
quantum optics
The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as photons. First observed by Albert Einstein's photoelectric effect, this particle description of light is the foundation for describing the transfer of energy (i.e. absorption and emission) in light matter interaction.
integrated photonicsoptical chipsoptical fiber communicationsResearch & TechnologyeducationInstitut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueINRSAmericasLight Sourcesphotonsquantum opticsCommunicationsquantum communicationsmicro resonatormicroresonatorTech Pulse

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