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Growing Gratings Menu a Boon for Biophotonics Research

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Whether they are aware of it or not, researchers throughout the life sciences heavily rely on optical gratings for Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, hyperspectral imaging and other applications. New options, such as gratings-on-a-chip, promise to take biophotonics studies to a new level.

DAVID HUANG and BRIAN LIN, II-VI PHOTOP

An optical grating is an optical component with a periodic or quasi-periodic structure. Gratings perform interference of diffracted lights from each grating line to realize specific optical functions, such as the wavelength dispersion, polarization splitting, beam deviation or pulse compression (Figure 1). These components are playing a silent but critical role in a variety of optical systems, such as near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy (see table), each of which are contributing to major advancements throughout...Read full article

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    Published: July 2016
    Glossary
    diffraction efficiency
    Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs light into specific diffraction orders or achieves a desired optical effect. It is expressed as the ratio of the power or intensity of diffracted light in a particular order to the total incident power or intensity. In a diffraction grating or DOE, when light interacts with the periodic structure (such as grooves or zones), it undergoes diffraction, resulting in the...
    reflection grating
    A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or grooves. These grooves are typically ruled or etched onto a flat substrate or a concave surface. The purpose of a reflection grating is to disperse incident light into its component wavelengths through the process of diffraction. When light impinges on a reflection grating, the closely spaced grooves cause the incident light to be diffracted in different directions. The...
    transmission grating
    A transparent diffraction grating that serves to transmit light.
    concave grating
    A reflecting grating ruled on a concave spherical surface that not only disperses the light but focuses the spectrum. The great advantage of this grating lies in the fact that no separate collimating optics are needed.
    spectroscopyAmericasoptical gratingdiffraction efficiencyBiophotonicsReflection gratingtransmission gratingconcave gratingvolume Bragg gratingvolume phase holographic gratingwire-grid gratinggrating-on-a-chipII-VIPhotopDavid HuangBrian LinFeatures

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