ITHACA, N.Y., Sept. 25, 2006 -- Using multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, researchers have for the first time watched chromosomes change form to activate their genes to synthesize key proteins in fruit fly cells. The advance could be a significant step toward understanding the basic processes that underlie gene expression in living tissue. The discovery was the result of cross-disciplinary collaboration between Cornell University applied physics professor Watt W. Webb, who pioneered the microscopy technique, and John Lis, the university's Barbara McClintock Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics. 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