Long life, stability and ease of integration make LEDs the preferred light source. Combining them with state-of-the-art microelectronics and optics enables new applications.KAVITA ASWANI, TARA MAGGIANO AND JAMES CLEMENTS, EXCELITASEndoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to view or image inside the human body for surgical and diagnostic applications (Figure 1). This method was first used in the 19th century and has expanded to a wider use today, with applications ranging from external organs such as the ear, nose and throat to complex endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and spinal surgery1. Figure 1. Endoscopy using a camera with the image projected on a monitor. Courtesy of Excelitas. Traditional endoscopes consisted of rigid tubes with transmitted light. 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