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Planar Lightwave Circuits Enable Next-Generation 40G/100G Networks

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Dr. Ashok Balakrishnan, Enabelence Technologies, Inc.

The availability of bandwidth-intensive services such as fiber-to-the-home, along with bandwidth requirements in the commercial sector, has created a growing demand for the introduction of new 40G/100G optical networks. Many new systems rely on advanced modulation formats such as differential phase shift keying and differential quadrature phase shift keying to complement traditional architectures such as dense wavelength division multiplexing. Each method presents substantial optical, mechanical and electronic complexity. Although traditional bulk-optic assemblies can achieve the required...Read full article

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    Published: March 2010
    Glossary
    modulation
    In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which can be done mechanically or intrinsically with another signal. In optics the term generally is used as a synonym for contrast, particularly when applied to a series of parallel lines and spaces imaged by a lens, and is quantified by the equation: Modulation = (Imax – Imin)/ (Imax + Imin) where Imax and Imin are the maximum and minimum intensity levels of the image.
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