Dr. Reinhard Voelkel, Suss MicroOptics SAEarly inventions in the field of planar diffractive and refractive micro-optics date back more than a century. In 1891, Gabriel Lippmann invented “interference color photography,” later called Lippmann holograms. This invention was made without lasers and long before Dennis Gabor invented holography in 1948. Lippmann also invented “integral photography,” an autostereoscopic method to display 3-D images for observation with the naked eye. Double-sided microlens arrays manufactured by resist melting and reactive ion etching on 8-in. fused silica wafer. 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