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Researchers Confirm Drastically Reduced Noise in Room Temperature Optical Fiber

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ROCHESTER, N.Y., Sept. 22, 2020 — A hollow optical fiber developed by researchers at the University of Central Florida greatly reduces noise that interferes with transmitted signals, compared to single-mode fibers that are currently used to reduce noise. Researchers at the University of Rochester reported the development.

The antiresonant hollow-core fiber, created by researchers at the University of Central Florida (UCF), produces a thousand times less noise — and the lowest levels ever recorded from interference caused by acoustic phonons arising from the glass in the fiber at room temperatures.

Noise caused by phonons can be reduced by cooling fibers to extremely low cryogenic temperatures. That method, however, is both expensive and complicated, said William Renninger, assistant professor of optics at the University of Rochester.
The anti-resonant hollow core fiber features a unique arrangement of seven hollow capillaries arranged around a hollow core inside the fiber. Courtesy of Arjun Iyer, University of Rochester.

The antiresonant hollow core fiber features a unique arrangement of seven hollow capillaries arranged around a hollow core inside the fiber. Courtesy of Arjun Iyer, University of Rochester.



The fiber developed by UCF represents a more straightforward technique that works at room temperature. Developed by Rodrigo Amezcua Correa and researchers at CREOL, the College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central Florida, the fiber features a unique arrangement of seven hollow capillaries arranged around a hollow core inside the fiber.


The designs allows for minimal overlap between the fiber’s outer layer of glass and the light traveling through the core, thereby eliminating interference from acoustic phonons emanating from the glass.

To evaluate the fiber developed by UCF, researchers in Renninger’s lab developed a highly sensitive measuring technique.

“It’s a very valuable fiber, and despite a lot of interest in it by researchers and some companies, nobody had really studied the behavior of phonons supported by the structure, and to what extent it actually reduced ‘noise,’” Renninger said.

Tests by Renninger’s team showed that the arrangement is 10× more effective at reducing noise than other hollow-fiber designs.

“The little noise that’s left is caused by acoustic waves in the air inside the fiber, so if you were to evacuate the air, it would be another 100× more effective,” Renninger said. “You would have incredibly low noise.”

“The lab’s findings demonstrate that the fiber is viable option for low-noise applications, such as for quantum information processing and optical communications,” said Arjun Iyer, lead author of the research introducing the fiber.

The research was published in APL Photonics (www.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017796).

Published: September 2020
Glossary
optical fiber
Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light signals over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality. It serves as a medium for conveying information in the form of light pulses, typically in the realm of telecommunications, networking, and data transmission. The core of an optical fiber is the central region through which light travels. It is surrounded by a cladding layer that has a lower refractive index than...
noise
The unwanted and unpredictable fluctuations that distort a received signal and hence tend to obscure the desired message. Noise disturbances, which may be generated in the devices of a communications system or which may enter the system from the outside, limit the range of the system and place requirements on the signal power necessary to ensure good reception.
glass
A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or phosphoric oxides. Common window or bottle glass is a mixture of soda, lime and sand, melted and cast, rolled or blown to shape. Most glasses are transparent in the visible spectrum and up to about 2.5 µm in the infrared, but some are opaque such as natural obsidian; these are, nevertheless, useful as mirror blanks. Traces of some elements such as cobalt, copper and...
phonon
A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline lattice. In simpler terms, phonons are quanta of lattice vibrations in a solid material. They represent the collective vibrational modes of atoms or groups of atoms in a crystal lattice and play a crucial role in understanding the thermal and mechanical properties of materials. Key points about phonons include: Quantization of vibrational energy: Similar to photons for...
Research & Technologyfiberfiber opticfiber opticsFiber Optics & Communicationsoptical fibernoiseglassRochesterphononUCFUniversity of RochesterUniversity of Central Floridatemperatureroom temperature

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