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Photonics Handbook
Sensors & Detectors
Detectors: Options for Low-Light Applications
Developed in the early 1990s, the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is a solid-state photodetector whose sensitivity to light rivals that of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) in a regime where a few hundred photons per second illuminate the detector.
Silicon Photonics: Light Is the Ultimate Medium for High-Speed Communications
Silicon photonics is widely considered a key enabling technology for further development of optical interconnect solutions needed to address growing traffic on the internet. From the first submarine optical cable to the fiber-to-home deployment to...
Laser Measurement Systems: Best Practices
Given the pace at which technology advances, there always seems to be a learning curve. With the abundance of consumer electronics available, there typically is no right or wrong way to use these devices — the choice usually comes down to the method...
Selecting a Photodetector: Using WITS$ as a Rough Guide
Light is a versatile tool for investigating physical and chemical processes in nature. Any specific system being analyzed may, through the light it emits or reflects, communicate information about itself. Electrical signal is an effective medium for...
Aspheric Lenses: Design Considerations
This first of two articles will cover design and manufacturing options for aspheres; the second will include more detail on manufacturing and testing processes. These articles will provide the tools optics designers need to tailor their designs to...
Detectors: Guideposts on the Road to Selection
Choosing a detector requires evaluating many operating parameters and desired outcomes. This introduction provides a series of guideposts that will help lead the way to the right one. Any number of medical, industrial and analytical applications...
Camera Resolution: Combining Detector and Optics Performance
Most image-quality discussions center on resolution, which is thought to uniquely determine system performance. Resolution, however, is a more complex concept. Camera resolution depends upon the optical blur diameter and the detector size. Schade...
Detector Arrays: Taming the Irregular Shape Problem
Devices that perform well under laboratory conditions often face hurdles in uncontrolled real-world situations. This is true for charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and thermal cameras used in machine vision applications where an object’s shape,...
Detectors: CCDs for Life-Science Applications
The CCD camera is becoming the imaging method of choice in biological laboratories for its resolution, versatility and ease of use. Choosing the best CCD for a given application, however, requires knowing how basic chip parameters affect...
Detectors: The Charge Injection Alternative
Charge-injection device (CID) technology provides a means to convert optical signals from 185 nm to 1100 nm to electronic charges that can be read out as a video signal or processed via computer. The CID imagers also are capable of directly (or...
Infrared Spectral Selection: It Begins with the Detector
An IR imaging system employing a narrow spectral band brings hidden images to light, broadening IR imaging’s applications. Spectral selection is a powerful tool that enhances conventional imaging tremendously. Most imaging systems, including the...
Infrared System Design: Understanding the Process
While equations and data pertaining to infrared system design abound,1 comparatively little has been written about the process.2 This article attempts to fill that void. Infrared system design is not, like some circuit design, a synthetic process....
Photometry: The Answer to How Light Is Perceived
Simply put, photometry is the measurement of visible light based on the response of the average human observer. How that definition translates into technically correct quantification methods is the focus of this article. That portion of the spectrum...
Photonic Component Manufacturing: Moving Toward Automation
A shift in assembly methods would help reduce costs and increase production in the optoelectronics manufacturing and packaging industries.Manufacturing the laser diode is complicated by the existence of multiple proprietary techniques and...
Radiation Tolerances: Effects on CID Imaging Devices
The charge-injection device (CID) is a broadband (200 to 1100 nm) charge-transfer device (CTD) image sensor with capabilities well beyond the limitations of typical commercially...
Radiometry: A Simplified Description of Light Measurement
Radiometry involves measuring and predicting levels of optical radiation. This article removes some of the confusion surrounding this often complex technology. Radiometry involves several activities. The two most common are the description and...
Rules of Thumb
Scientists and engineers tend to want to answer simple relational questions with a blackboard covered with equations, even when questioners just want a rough estimate to gauge whether a change would cause more problems than it would fix...
Spectroscopy: The Tools of the Trade
Understanding the whys and wherefores of a technology goes a long way toward solving your problem. Putting that knowledge to work requires an understanding of the tools of the trade and how to use them.
Adaptive Optics: Taming Atmospheric Turbulence
To Isaac Newton the problem was clear, and in 1704 he realized the effects of atmospheric turbulence on image formation. Just as heat waves shimmering above a hot patch of ground can distort our view, the image of a distant object formed by a...
Photomultipliers: Low-Light, High-Speed Specialists
Rapid detection of light calls for a sensitive detector and electronics that do not introduce additional signal noise. In fact, for very rapid detection, detector shot noise does not determine the signal-to-noise ratio. Instead, the amplifier has...
EDUCATION NEWS
from Photonics Media
Malley Richardson Awarded 2023 Teddi C. Laurin Scholarship for Research in Optofluidics
Jun 5, 2023
Metasurface Spectrometer Points to On-Chip System Integration
Jun 5, 2023
Scientists Develop Nanometer Domain N-Slit Quantum Interferometers
May 29, 2023
Light-Field Sensor Uses Color Encoding for 3D Scene Reconstruction
May 26, 2023
Ultrasmall Silicon LED Enables High-Resolution Integrated Imaging
May 22, 2023
view all
POPULAR ARTICLES
Diffraction Gratings: Selection Guidelines
What Is Photonics?
Fiber Lasers: Continuing to Power Growth
Scatter and BSDF Measurements: Theory and Practice
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