Definition of attenuator

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Photonics Dictionary

attenuator: An attenuator is an electronic or optical device used to reduce the power or intensity of a signal without significantly affecting its waveform or other characteristics. Attenuators are commonly used in various applications to control signal levels, prevent overloading of sensitive components, match signal levels between different parts of a system, or improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

There are different types of attenuators, including:

Fixed attenuators: These attenuators provide a constant level of attenuation, typically expressed in decibels (dB). They are often used in situations where a specific level of signal reduction is required and the signal level remains constant.

Variable attenuators: Variable attenuators allow the user to adjust the level of attenuation continuously over a certain range. They are useful for applications where signal levels may vary or where precise control over the signal level is required.

Step attenuators: Step attenuators provide discrete levels of attenuation, allowing the user to select from a predetermined set of attenuation values. They are commonly used in RF and microwave applications.

Optical attenuators: Optical attenuators are used in fiber optic communication systems to control the power levels of optical signals. They work by either absorbing or scattering light to reduce its intensity.

Attenuators can be implemented using various techniques, including resistive, capacitive, inductive, and optical methods, depending on the type of signal and the desired level of attenuation. They are found in a wide range of electronic and optical systems, including audio equipment, telecommunications networks, RF and microwave systems, and fiber optic communication systems.

See also beam attenuator.