In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it refers to experiments or procedures conducted outside of a living organism, typically within controlled laboratory conditions.
In vitro studies involve the use of isolated cells, tissues, or organs, or biological molecules such as proteins or nucleic acids, which are manipulated and studied in artificial environments such as test tubes, petri dishes, or culture plates. These experiments allow researchers to investigate biological processes, test hypotheses, and evaluate the effects of various treatments or interventions under controlled conditions.
In contrast, in vivo experiments involve studying biological processes or treatments within living organisms. While in vitro studies provide controlled environments and allow for precise manipulation, in vivo studies provide insights into the complex interactions and responses that occur within living systems.