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stress-applying part (SAP): In polarization-preserving optical fibers, the element used to induce birefringence. The SAP is highly doped to provide a different coefficient of expansion from the rest of the fiber material; when the drawn fiber cools, the SAP causes a residual stress that limits cross coupling between the two perpendicularly polarized modes transmitted by the fiber. The SAP can be configured as an elliptical or rectangular cladding surrounding the fiber core, or pairs of SAPs may be placed on either side of the core.

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