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Photonics Spectra - December 2001
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Issue Library
Features
Technology Close-Up
As optical networks increase data rates to 10 Gb/s and beyond, the effects of chromatic and polarization mode dispersion become much more significant. This has ignited interest in dynamic or tunable dispersion compensators that, unlike static compensation methods optimized for – and limited to – a specific wavelength range, compensate for dispersion equally for each wavelength. Although...
Hidden in Plain Sight: Calcium Fluoride's Intrinsic Birefringence
For years, lithographers have applied progressively shorter exposure wavelengths to reduce the minimum feature size on integrated circuit chips. However, this approach recently encountered an...
Infrared and Visible Imaging Combined in One Camera
Industrial and predictive maintenance engineers need to quickly and accurately find problems prior to failure and to document these findings to make fast, cost-effective decisions about when and how...
Spectrophotometry Takes Measure of Deep-UV Lithography
High-performance deep-UV spectrophotometry played a vital role in the research and development of 193-nm lithography. Pushed further, it will do the same for 157-nm lithography by providing optical...
Photonics Pointers
The increasingly widespread use of lasers in a variety of applications and fields will require more people to become familiar with this valuable tool – and with its potential hazards. The basic...
Phase-Shift Techniques Rewrite the Semiconductor Road Map
The semiconductor industry has generally followed the path of least resistance in its pursuit of denser and smaller chip features, a goal defined by the Rayleigh equation. For years, wavelength...
Vibration Control Gets Active
Designers of precision manufacturing machinery are wrestling with increasingly tight alignment tolerances among the imaging components in their systems. These challenges are particularly acute in the...
Tech Pulse
'Guide Star' Enables Sodium Measurements
Researchers at Imperial College in London are employing adaptive optics technology to measure sodium in the atmosphere with the 1-m Kapteyn Telescope at La Palma Observatory in the Canary Islands. The continuous-wave output of a 275-mW, argon-ion-pumped ring dye laser is locked to the 589-nm sodium line and launched near zenith, creating a "guide star" that an adaptive optics system would use to...
Mobile System Features Three Mass Spectrometry Techniques
There are few chemical species that cannot be identified through one or another of mass spectrometry's myriad forms. However, chemists must select which spectrometric method best applies, based on...
Machine Vision Has Eyes for Foul Fowl
With the rising concern over cholesterol, the demand for chicken now outpaces the demand for beef in the American diet. Pressured to keep pace, the poultry industry automated many of its processing...
Engineering Emmys Presented
The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences of New York recognized scientific accomplishments in the television industry at a ceremony Oct. 16, awarding 25 Emmys for Outstanding Achievement...
Lidar Demonstrates Feature Discrimination
Scientists use remote-sensing techniques to characterize landform variation, to evaluate the health of vegetation and to measure the temperature of the oceans. But while in the visible to the...
Spectra Determine Fruit Ripeness
If you have ever bought the "perfect" piece of fruit from the grocery store only to have it rot the next day, you know how tough it can be to find fruit that is ripe enough to eat -- but not...
FTIR Spectroscopy Detects Biohazards
With the recent anthrax attacks in the US, finding a means of detecting airborne biological agents from a safe distance has become all the more important. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)...
Researchers Demonstrate Macroscopic Entanglement
With one experiment, researchers have heartened Star Trek fans and quantum computing enthusiasts. A team at the University of Aarhus' Quantum Optics Center in Denmark has demonstrated quantum...
Multispectral Imaging Monitors Coral
A study appearing in the Sept. 6 issue of Nature concludes that airborne multispectral imaging may be a powerful tool for monitoring the health of coral reefs. Researchers on the project from...
Light-Reactive Coating Cleans Surfaces
If you shine ultraviolet light on a surface coated with titanium dioxide, a common white pigment in paint, it self-sterilizes and defogs. Until now, however, if you used visible light, only...
Recordable CDs Are Source of Gold Substrates
Hua-Zhong Yu isn't burning mixes of MP3s from Napster with his stacks of recordable CDs. An assistant professor in the department of chemistry at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia,...
Optical Digital Signal Processor Boosts Speeds
A new approach to signal processing promises to reduce bottlenecks in telecommunications networks. Lenslet Labs Ltd. of Ramat-Gan, Israel, has developed an optical digital signal processor that...
Bolometer Array Suitable for 350-µm Astronomy
Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., University of Colorado in Boulder and...
Nd:YAG Produces 53-mJ Green Light
It may not be easy being green, but researchers at Mitsubishi Electric Corp.'s Advanced Technology R&D Center based in Amagasaki, Japan, have made the most of it. They have produced 53 mJ from a...
Xenon Source Offers Hemispheric Emission
A team at the University of Central Florida in Orlando has demonstrated a differential-pumping scheme for a xenon capillary-discharge plasma source that enables the device to produce 11.3- and...
Unmanned Vehicles Fly by Light
By exploiting quantum mechanics, researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington have used free-space optics to communicate with unmanned aerial vehicles. The technique promises to allow...
Ultrafast Setup Machines and Measures
Researchers at the University of Aarhus in Denmark have developed laser techniques for manufacturing and measuring on the microscopic scale. The method uses the same femtosecond laser pulses to...
Quantum-Dot Detector Spots Submillimeter-Wave Photons
Doubling up can single out photons. A new submillimeter-wave detector promises the sensitivity to spot single photons. In contrast to existing single-photon-detection schemes, the detector does not...
Simple Bulk Optic Offers Simple Beam Control
Bulk solid optics have helped circumvent the need to align multiple free-space optics within communications systems by substituting multiple mountings of discrete optical components with a single...
AlGaN/GaN Deposited on Silicon
Aixtron AG of Aachen, Germany, has announced that a research group has deposited III-V semiconductors on silicon wafers using the company's low-pressure metallorganic chemical vapor deposition...
Laser Spectroscopy Refines Antiparticle Measurement
The existence of the antiproton was predicted in 1930 and confirmed experimentally in 1955. These particles, however, can be produced only in high-energy accelerators, and their short lifetime...
Plasma Displays 0.12% Conversion Efficiency
Laser-induced plasmas have emerged as potential sources of soft x-rays and extreme-UV light for applications in spectroscopy, microscopy and lithography. Now researchers at Max Born Institute for...
Photoinduced Reflectivity Creates Near-Field Probes
Transient-aperture probes generated with light promise high resolutions and near-video rates for near-field infrared microscopy. The technique, under development at the W.W. Hansen Experimental...
Optical System Enables 2-D Scanning
In pursuit of new e-book technology, researchers have designed a novel optical system that scans in two dimensions. Although developed for a display in a portable document reader, the designers say...
Nd:LuYLF Generates 4.5-ps Pulses
Solid-state lasers based on Nd:LuLF offer a wider spectral emission than those based on Nd:YLF, making them suitable for ultrashort-pulse operation, but LuLF is a much more expensive crystal to...
light speed
Photonics Companies Honored
Thirteen photonics companies have received Tibbetts Awards, which recognize small firms, projects, organizations and individuals that epitomize the business, economic and technological achievements of the Small Business Innovation Research Program. The federal awards are named for Roland Tibbetts, who founded the research program and was its manager at the National Science Foundation. The honors...
For Their Eyes Only
The US Defense Department has gobbled up all of the material on Afghanistan from the only commercial satellite company that can currently provide 1-m-resolution images. A contract with Space...
Michigan Focuses on Physics
The National Science Foundation has established a physics frontier center at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, funding the program with $15 million over a five-year period. In the Frontiers...
Government Joins Lockheed Suit
The US Justice Department has intervened in a whistle-blower lawsuit accusing Lockheed Martin Corp. of deliberately inflating a contract for infrared targeting systems for military jets. A former...
Contract Funds Electro-Optic Polymer Research
The US government has awarded a $1.6 million contract to Lumera Corp., a subsidiary of Microvision Inc., to design electro-optic polymer materials suitable for the assemblage of a wideband optical...
Florida Groups Develop Energy-Efficient UV LEDs
The universities of Florida, South Florida and Central Florida are collaborating with Uniroyal Optoelectronics, a subsidiary of Uniroyal Technology Corp., to develop UV (350 to 400 nm) AlGaInN-based...
Will Photonics Take Flight in Safety Devices?
Automated authorization systems for aircraft access, cabin-to-cockpit monitoring cameras, mandatory and voluntary passenger-identification systems, and baggage-screening and threat-detection devices...
Biodetector Market Booming
The market for chemical and biological agent detectors will almost double by 2007, according to a new analysis from Frost & Sullivan. The market research firm's report says that while this...
Bell Labs Gets New Presidents
Lucent Technologies has announced the appointment of Bill O'Shea as chief technology officer and president of Bell Labs and Jeff Jaffe as president of Bell Labs Research and Advanced...
Accent on Applications
Laser Technique Analyzes Pharmaceuticals
Lot consistency is a major concern in pharmaceutics. Constant testing of batches of tablets and capsules as they emerge from the production line ensures that patients receive a regular dosage that...
Three-CCD Camera Captures Novelty Images
For several years, amusement parks have been snapping photos of thrill seekers as they take the plunge on rides with names such as Traumatizer, Mind Eraser and Oblivion. The expressions of glee or...
Infrared Diode Laser Excites Visible Fluorophores
Many diagnostic and biological tests use antibodies or DNA probes, called markers, that bond to specific biological structures and fluoresce when excited by a specific optical wavelength. Typically,...
Single-Pixel Sensor Revs Up Mirrors
Gentex makes about 7 million auto-dimming mirrors each year for major auto manufacturers. Despite these impressive numbers, the company is always looking for "major improvement in system cost and...
Presstime Bulletin
India Launches Spy Satellite?
On Oct. 22, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched three satellites from the Sriharikota High Altitude Range Centre using a four-stage Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. The payload included the European Space Agency's Proba, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt eV's Bird and the Indian space agency's Technology Experiment Satellite, which carries a panchromatic camera that sports 1-m...
Contractor Receives Prison Time
Philip D. Bolen, president of Nexex Corp. of Altamonte Springs, Fla., will serve 30 months in prison and three years of supervised release for mail and wire fraud, for theft of government property...
NASA's Odyssey Reaches Mars
On Oct. 23, NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey space probe entered a highly elliptical orbit around Mars as planned. The craft was to continue to perform a series of aerobraking maneuvers, skimming the...
MacArthur Foundation Announces 'Genius Grants'
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation has announced the recipients of the 2001 MacArthur Fellowships, commonly known as "genius grants," which recognize the efforts of creative people...
Alcatel Displays 1.6-Tb/s Transmission
Alcatel of Paris has announced that it has demonstrated unrepeatered optical transmission at 1.6 Tb/s over a 321-km submarine span. The Alcatel researchers employed cascaded Raman amplification and...
Products
AMPLIFIER CONTROL
The PESRInstComms software toolkit from PerkinElmer Instruments provides ActiveX control for signal recovery lock-in amplifiers. It controls communication between the connected instruments and the computer using a GPIB interface or RS-232 serial ports. The software operates up to 10 compatible instruments simultaneously and supports all instrument commands and status signals. Sample applications...
PerkinElmer Instruments
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HIGH-SPEED APD
Pacific Silicon Sensor Inc. has introduced the PSS-AD230-2.3G-TO5, an avalanche photodiode with a 230-µm diameter that is housed with a high-speed transimpedance amplifier in a hermetically sealed...
First Sensor Inc.
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INTERFACE CABLE
Intercon 1 designed its 89878-11P Camera Link cable as an interface between camera and frame grabber. The company says that the cable provides a flex life of more than 1 million cycles for demanding...
Intercon 1
LED MEASUREMENT
The OL 770-LED from Optronic Laboratories Inc. is a CCD-based, high-speed multichannel spectroradiometer that performs optical power, color and goniometric measurements of LED components. The control...
Optronic Laboratories LLC
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OPTICAL PROFILER
The NSOM/AFM-100 is a confocal micro-optical profiler that performs beam profiling and characterization for optical component inspection applications. This system from Nanonics Imaging Ltd. utilizes...
Nanonics Imaging Ltd.
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PC-BASED SPECTROSCOPY
A spectrophotometer that includes a built-in light source, a full diode array spectrometer, a holder for 1-cm cuvettes and high-speed electronics is available from Ocean Optics Inc. Measuring just...
Ocean Optics - Part of Ocean Insight
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SCINTILLATORS
High-performance scintillators supplied by Applied Scintillation Technologies Ltd. are suitable for a variety of scientific instrumentation detection applications. The company says that the...
Scintacor Ltd.
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DWDM FILTERS
TeraXion has introduced a line of low-dispersion 50- and 100-GHz DWDM filters for transmission speeds from 10 to 40 Gb/s. The TF-WDM-LD filters are designed to minimize group delay variation in and...
TeraXion Inc.
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VARIABLE ATTENUATORS
Variable optical attenuators designed for flat wavelength characteristics across the DWDM ITU region have been released by Alliance Fiber Optic Products Inc. The VOA 2200 series offers stable...
Alliance Fiber Optic Products Inc.
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ILLUMINATION ANALYSIS
LightTools version 3.2 from Optical Research Associates has enhanced modeling and analysis capabilities for backlit displays used in automotive instrument clusters and in LCD panels in computers,...
Synopsys Inc., Optical Solutions Group
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CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE
Designed to work with a desktop PC and a CCD camera, the CGS OptoLine module from Klughammer GmbH converts standard reflected-light microscopes into fully operational confocal microscopes that can...
Klughammer GmbH
DATA-LOGGING SOFTWARE
Caron Products & Services Inc.'s stability and photostability chambers are now available with Watview HMI software. This temperature and humidity data-logging program is compatible with the...
Caron Products & Services Inc.
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INDUSTRIAL MICROSCOPES
Two industrial microscopes for materials science applications are available from Nikon Instruments Inc. The Eclipse L150 has an electrostatic discharge design for use with magnetic heads, and the...
Nikon Instruments Inc.
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LASER BARRIER
Ever-Guard, a laser containment system composed of an aluminum barrier with an absorbing black matte finish, is available from Kentek Corp. It has undergone extensive testing rated in excess of 1200...
Kentek Corporation
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DIODE LASERS
A line of fiber-coupled diode lasers that can deliver up to 2000 W in 1-mm-diameter fibers and up to 4000 W in 1.5-mm-diameter fibers is available from Laserline GmbH. Delivering higher optical power...
Laserline GmbH
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LASER FOCUSING
A laser autofocusing system with microprocessor control and precision optics that adjust to different microscopes and optical systems has been released by Prior Scientific Inc. Suitable for...
Prior Scientific Inc.
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LASER SAFETY
The second edition of the Laser Institute of America's (LIA) Laser Hazard Evaluator software program, based on the revised ANSI Z136.1 (2000) American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers, is now...
Laser Institute of America
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SOLID-STATE LASER
The Compass 215M from Coherent Laser Div. is a diode-pumped solid-state continuous-wave laser. It emits at 532 nm and is designed for the bioinstrumentation and photofinishing markets as an...
Coherent Inc.
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LIGHT CURING
The ELC-403 is a compact handheld system designed to maximize the efficiency of UV and visible light-curable adhesives, epoxies and coatings. Electro-Lite Corp. says this rugged system is ideal for...
Electro-Lite Corp.
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FLUORESCENT LIGHTS
Fluorescent linear fixtures from StockerYale Inc. are designed for use in industrial environments and have a sealed housing that meets NEMA 12 specifications. The SL series offers twin 4-, 6-, 8- or...
ProPhotonix Ltd.
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BEAM-FOCUSING OPTICS
Trumpf Laser Technology Center is offering a programmable focusing optic (PFO) that uses a series of galvo mirrors to focus the laser beam onto a defined location of the working area. It can be used...
TRUMPF Inc., Laser Technology Center
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LIGHT DIFFUSERS
Physical Optics Corp. has expanded its line of optical components to include glass diffusers for high-temperature, high-power and UV-laser applications, circle-to-rectangle holographic optics and...
Physical Optics Corp. (POC)
THIN-FILM COATING
A thin-film deposition platform designed to provide a high-vacuum environment for small-scale production is available from Denton Vacuum. The Explorer 14 system has a touch-screen control panel that...
Denton Vacuum LLC
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LIGHT PIPES
A line of light pipes in sizes ranging from microns to 150 mm has been added to Argyle International Inc.'s offering of custom prisms. The pipes, which are used to couple light from one aperture...
Argyle International Inc.
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SAPPHIRE WAVE PLATES
Meller Optics Inc. offers sapphire wave plates from 0.3 to 4.7 µm for Er:YAG and holmium lasers at 2.94 and 2.10 µm, respectively. They are available in a quarter-wave version for switching...
Meller Optics Inc.
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LINEAR BALL SLIDES
Del-Tron Precision's C-.5 linear ball slide assembly measures 0.52 × 0.38 × 0.25 in. and offers 0.33 in. of travel and a load capacity of 0.75 lb. The assembly comprises a lightweight aluminum base...
Del-Tron Precision Inc.
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MOTION CONTROL
The PCI-7334 motion controller from National Instruments features a real-time system-integrated bus and point-and-click configuration software. The controller works with application development...
National Instruments Corp.
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PIEZOELECTRIC MOTORS
Available in configurations with two, four and eight elements, the LS series of piezoelectric motors from Nanomotion Inc. can reach step sizes of a few nanometers with maximum speeds of 20 mm/s, and...
Nanomotion Inc.
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COLOR METER
Gigahertz-Optik Inc. has announced the HCT-99 color meter, which measures illuminance, correlated color temperature and X,Y/U,V chromaticity coordinates. The compact device offers precise X,Y,Z color...
Gigahertz-Optik Inc.
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THIN-FILM MEASUREMENT
A thin-film measuring instrument for applications in optical coating, telecommunications devices and semiconductors has been released by Aquila Instruments Ltd. The nkd 7000 simultaneously measures...
Aquila Instruments Ltd.
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HIGH-RES SPECTROMETER
Applications for the laser diode spectrum analyzer from Control Development Inc. include quality assurance and control, real-time online process control and component testing. This compact...
Control Development Inc.
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INTERFEROMETER
Bruker Optics Inc. is offering the IRcube high-performance interferometer for mid-infrared spectroscopy. The device has a small footprint – 11.5 × 12.5 × 9 in. – and permanently aligned optics that...
Bruker Optics Inc.
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RETROREFLECTORS
Suitable for use as targets in laser tracking systems, ball-mounted hollow retroreflectors from PLX Inc. have apexes that are aligned to the absolute center of the stainless steel ball within 0.0001...
PLX Inc.
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