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Photonics Dictionary: F

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Fabry-Perot mirror

A highly reflective mirror that is usually flat on one surface and curved on the other, and that has silver, gold or aluminum deposited on glass, providing about 99 percent reflection.

face-pumped laser

A device in which slab geometry internally compensates for thermal-optic distortion; the solid host material -- glass or Nd:YAG -- is in the form of a rectangular slab with plane parallel faces. The...

faceplate -> fiber optic faceplate

A plate made up of thousands of glass fibers arranged parallel to one another, i.e., in a coherent bundle, and fused together so that it is hermetically tight. It transfers an image from one plane to...

Faraday effect

The Faraday effect, named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, is a phenomenon in physics where the polarization plane of light is rotated when the light passes through a transparent medium...

feather

A featherlike flaw in a body of glass.

fiber -> optical fiber

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light signals over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality. It serves as a...

fiber bundle

A rigid or flexible, concentrated assembly of glass or plastic fibers used to transmit optical images or light. See aligned bundle; incoherent bundle.

fiber joints

Fiber joints, also known as fiber optic splices, refer to the connection points where two optical fibers are permanently joined together to form a continuous optical transmission path. These joints...

fiber optic cable assembly

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and other components that are assembled together to facilitate the transmission of...

fiber optic faceplate

fiber optic illuminators -> fiber optics

The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides — or "light pipes" — to channel light from one location to another. Fiber optics is based off of the principle of total...

fiber optic plate -> fiber optic faceplate

fiber optic preform

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It serves as the precursor from which optical fibers are drawn. The process of...

fiber optic probe

A flexible single- or multifiber cable having a bundle of glass fibers arranged to transmit an image.

fiber optic window

The face of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) that has a fiber optic sheet attached to its surface. The sheet's fibers are at right angles to the face, allowing the transmittance of the fluorescent trace...

fiber optics

The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides — or "light pipes" — to channel light from one location to another. Fiber optics is based off of the principle of total...

fiber-coupled LED

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the purpose of efficient light transmission. In this configuration, the LED serves...

field glass

A handheld binocular telescope that is commonly of the Galilean type.

field lens

1. A lens situated at or near the plane of an internal image to project the aperture of a previous objective or erector upon the aperture of a following lens. 2. A lens at or near the plane of a...

finished lens molding

A method used to produce precision spherical and aspheric molded glass lenses without grinding or polishing.

fire cracks

Small clefts or fissures that penetrate the glass surface in the form of short-hooked crescents. Fire cracks result from a sudden excessive change in temperature.

flat -> optical flat

A piece of glass, pyrex or quartz having one or both surfaces carefully ground and polished plano, generally flat to less than a tenth of a wavelength. Optical flats are used in surface testing to...

flat blank

A piece of glass having a crude plano surface on each side.

flexible display

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable, allowing for unconventional form factors and enhanced portability. Unlike...

flint glass

One of the two major types of optical glass, the other being crown glass. Flint glass is softer than crown glass, has a higher dispersion and usually a higher refractive index.

flow channel

In various fields such as fluid dynamics, microfluidics, and biotechnology, a flow channel refers to a defined pathway through which a fluid (liquid or gas) flows. The channel can be of various...

fluor crown glass

Optical glass that possesses a refractive index equal to or less than 1.5, and an Abbe number that ranges from 62 to about 85.

fluorescent lamp -> fluorescent light source

A tube containing mercury vapor and lined with a phosphor. When current is passed through the vapor the strong ultraviolet emission excites the phosphor, which emits visible light. The ultraviolet...

fluorescent light source

A tube containing mercury vapor and lined with a phosphor. When current is passed through the vapor the strong ultraviolet emission excites the phosphor, which emits visible light. The ultraviolet...

fluoride fibers

Fluoride fibers are optical fibers made from fluoride-based materials, typically fluoride glasses or crystalline fluoride compounds. These fibers are characterized by their unique optical properties,...

fluoride glass

Optical glass containing zirconium fluoride that results in special characteristics such as improved transmission.

fluorophosphate glass

A special laser glass made primarily of fluoride compounds that exhibits extremely low refractive index and allows greater levels of energy to be generated as the laser beam passes through the...

fluorozirconate

A highly stable heavy-metal fluoride glass made from the fluorides of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum and sodium.

Foucault chart -> resolution target

A chart on paper or glass containing a series of sets of lines at progressively smaller spacing and used to ascertain the limiting number of lines per millimeter that an optical system is capable of...

four-level laser

A solid-state laser consisting of active atoms or ions of a transition metal, rare-earth metal or actinide, imbedded in a crystal or glass material, often garnet. Excitation and transfer to different...

free-abrasive machining

The process whereby a rotating wheel carries grains of an abrasive, suspended in a vehicle, across the surface of the optical glass to be ground. The workpieces are forced downward by pneumatic...

Fresnel lens

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin piece of transparent material, typically plastic or glass. This design...

Fresnel loss -> Fresnel reflection loss

Reflection losses incurred at input and output of optical elements because of the difference in refractive index between glass and the immersion medium.

Fresnel reflection

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive indices. This phenomenon was named after the French engineer and physicist...

Fresnel reflection loss

Reflection losses incurred at input and output of optical elements because of the difference in refractive index between glass and the immersion medium.

Fresnel rhomb

A type of quarter-wave retarder in the form of a glass rhomb; light entering the retarder undergoes two total internal reflections, producing a change in phase.

furnace

See glass annealing furnace; glass melting furnace.

fused quartz and silica

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are produced through different manufacturing processes and have distinct properties...

fused silica

Glass consisting of almost pure silicon dioxide (SiO2). Also called vitreous silica. Frequently used in optical fibers and windows.

fusing

The permanent uniting of two glass pieces by high-temperature heating.

Photonics DictionaryF