Abbreviations/Acronyms

electron microscopy and microanalysis

fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

modulation contrast microscopy; multichip module — modulation contrast microscopy is a unique illumination technique that enhances contrast in an imaging microscope by converting optical gradients into variations in light intensity. Modulation contrast microscopy is found most commonly in live cell imaging, polarization microscopy, phase contrast, and oblique illumination of stained, unstained and birefringent specimens. A multichip module is an electronic packaging system where multiple discrete electronic components (integrated circuits, semiconductor diodes, etc.) are packaged in various ways onto a single substrate.

near-field scanning optical microscopy

piezoresponse force microscopy; pulse frequency modulation

scanning acoustic microscope; scanning Auger microscopy

scanning capacitance microscopy

scanning probe microscopy

scanning reflection electron microscopy

total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

video-intensified microscopy