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1,070 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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electrostatic process

A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a photoconductive material by its treatment with oppositely charged pigment...

electrostatic storage

Information storage on a dielectric medium that represents the data as those spots on the medium having electrostatic charges, forming an observable record of the data.

electrostatic tape camera

A camera that records its images electrostatically on plastic tape; used in situations where radiation would have an adverse effect on regular photographic film.

electrostatically focused image tube

An image intensifier that uses electrostatics to amplify and focus the electronic image.

electrostatography

The recording of patterns by the production and use of latent electrostatic charge patterns. See electrostatic process.

electrostriction

Elastic deformation of a dielectric caused by volume force when the dielectric is placed in an inhomogeneous electric field.

electrostrictive

A common form of high-precision, ceramic-based actuator capable of moving and measuring at the nanometer level.

electrowetting display

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to control the behavior of colored oil droplets on a hydrophobic surface....

flashtube -> electronic flash unit

A small xenon-filled tube with metal electrodes fused into the ends. The gas flashes brilliantly when a condenser is discharged through the tube. The duration of the flash is primarily dependent upon...

microscope, electron -> electron microscope

A device utilizing an electron beam for the observation and recording of submicroscopic samples with the aid of photographic emulsions or other short-wavelength sensors. With the electron microscope,...

optoelectronic shutter -> electro-optic shutter

A device used to control or block a light beam by means of the Kerr electro-optical effect.

positron -> electron

A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle called a negatron. Its mass at rest is me = 9.109558 x 10-31 kg, its charge is...

static electricity -> electrostatic charge

The effect produced by electrical charges or fields alone, without interaction with magnetic influence.

Auger electron spectroscopy

The energy analysis of electrons released in a secondary step following initial excitation or ionization.

channel electron multiplier

A photoelectric detector consisting of a glass tube internally coated with a low conductance material. Voltage applied along the tube causes photoemission from the photocathode at the end of the tube...

common optoelectronics laser detection system

A laser warning and countermeasure system containing a sensor that indicates the direction of a laser beam, and analytical instruments to determine pulse code, repetition frequency and wavelength.

continuous dynode electron multiplier -> channel electron multiplier

free-electron laser

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a beam of accelerated electrons as the lasing medium. Unlike traditional...

high-voltage electron microscope

An imaging device whose technology contributes three specific advantages: ability to study large solid specimens that exhibit behavior in bulk; conduction of in situ studies of radiation damage; and...

hybrid electromagnetic wave

A wave in the electromagnetic spectrum that has both electrical and magnetic field vectors in the direction of propagation.

microelectromechanical systems

Refers to micron-size complex machines that have physical dimensions suitable for the fabrication of optical switches for use in state-of-the-art communications networks.

negative-electron-affinity photocathode

A photocathode having a P-type semiconductor with a work function less than its bandgap. The photocathode can release a hundredfold increase of photoemission in the infrared region.

optoelectronic

Pertaining to a device that responds to optical power, emits or modifies optical radiation, or utilizes optical radiation for its internal operation. Any device that functions as an...

optoelectronic integrated circuit

A monolithic device containing both photonic and electronic sources, detectors, modulators, etc., on a single semiconductor substrate.

optoelectronic isolator -> optoisolator

An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains an input amplifier, a light-emitting diode, a photodiode and an output...

optoelectronic transistor

A transistor that uses an electro-luminescent source, a transparent base and a photoelectric collector.

optoelectronics

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light and its interactions with different materials. The term "optoelectronics" is...

photoelectromagnetic effect

Interaction of a magnetic field with a photoconductive substance exposed to light to create a potential difference.

photoelectromotive force

The force that stimulates the emission of an electrical current when photovoltaic action creates a potential difference between two points.

photoelectron holography

A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the crystal is illuminated by a burst of finely tuned x-rays. The resulting...

photoelectron microscopy

Surface analysis by means of photon induced electron emission. PEM methods provide high lateral resolution of the observed sample.For surface material sciences PEM allows the investigation of...

photoelectron

Electron released in photoelectric activity.

plasma-cathode electron gun

An electron beam gun in which plasma that is generated within a low-voltage hollow-cathode discharge serves as the source of electrons.

scanning electron micrograph

The picture formed by the scanning beam of electrons in a scanning electron microscope.

scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials characterization, and various industrial applications. Unlike traditional optical...

scanning electron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution, three-dimensional images of the surfaces of solid specimens. SEM achieves this by...

self-electro-optic effect device

An optically bistable device used for photonic switching, constructed of a multiple quantum well biased by an external voltage, which creates an external field that shifts the wavelength of the onset...

spectrographic electrode

The hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to vaporize it in the flame.

surface electromagnetic waves

Waves that propagate along the interface between two different media without radiation with exponentially decaying evanescent fields on both sides.

transmission electron microscope

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of extremely thin samples. In a TEM, electrons are...

transparent electrophotographic films

Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic photoconductive top coating. When charged and exposed to light, an...

transverse electromagnetic mode -> transverse mode

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the cross-section of a laser beam. These modes represent the different...

unipotential electrostatic lens

A simple electrostatic lens with a focus controlled by a single potential difference.

vertical-deflection electrodes

Two electrodes that shift the electron beam vertically on a cathode-ray tube screen using electrostatic deflection.

cathodoluminescence

Light produced when a metal is bombarded with high-velocity electrons causing small amounts of the metal to vaporize and emit radiation. Also known as electronoluminescence.

MEMS -> microelectromechanical systems

Refers to micron-size complex machines that have physical dimensions suitable for the fabrication of optical switches for use in state-of-the-art communications networks.

MEMS fiber optic switch

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals between multiple fiber optic channels. These switches utilize miniature...

modulation spectroscopy

A method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The change is induced by a repetitive perturbation such as an electric field,...

optical coupler -> optoisolator

An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains an input amplifier, a light-emitting diode, a photodiode and an output...

optically coupled isolator -> optoisolator

An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains an input amplifier, a light-emitting diode, a photodiode and an output...

Photonics Dictionary