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Basic Science News
German Laser Emits Matter Waves
Mar 17, 1999 — MUNICH, Germany, March 17 -- Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching and the University of Munich have developed a laser that emits a continuous beam of matter waves instead of light. The researchers have imaged the shadow cast by the laser's beam, which shows a pencil-like beam containing about half a million rubidium atoms accelerated downward by gravity. In the Munich experiment, a dilute gas of rubidium atoms is captured in a sophisticated low-power magnetic...
Two-Photon Absorbing Molecules Hint at New Applications
Mar 16, 1999 — TUCSON, Ariz., March 16 -- Two University of Arizona scientists who developed molecules that simultaneously absorb two photons of light now report that the molecules' sensitivity to laser beams suggests a number of potential photonics applications....
Atomic Force Microscope Could Draw Tiny Circuits
Mar 1, 1999 — Scientists at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have found a new application for atomic force microscopes: fabricating nanoelectronic circuitry. Researchers at the university discovered that the lab tool could transfer molecules with...
Lasers in the Chemistry Lab
Mar 1, 1999 — Physicists may explore the fundamental interactions between light and matter, but in the chemistry lab these interactions get put to work. The intense monochromatic light from lasers has found application in both physical and analytical chemistry....
Medical Sciences Improve 'Market Share' of Academic R&D
Mar 1, 1999 — The medical science sector has shown the largest increase in "market share," according to a recent brief from the National Science Foundation, which tracked academic R&D spending between 1973 and 1996. During that period, medical sciences'...
Nichia's Blue Diodes Find a Home
Mar 1, 1999 — Barely a month after Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd. announced the first shipments of its blue laser diodes, a second company has rushed to incorporate the diodes into a laser system touted as a more powerful blue light source for spectroscopy. In...
Phased out by Coherent Control
Mar 1, 1999 — A "textbook" laboratory demonstration of a basic quantum physical principle could lay the groundwork for practical applications in photochemistry, forensics, quantitative analysis and quantum computing. Using ultrafast optical techniques,...
Spectrometer Made Smaller, Less Expensive
Mar 1, 1999 — Scientists at the University of Ulm in collaboration with LaserSpec Analytik GmbH have unveiled an atomic absorption spectrometer that uses a laser diode as a light source and a tungsten coil to atomize samples -- advances that could lead to...
Tethered AFM Offers Operators More Flexibility
Mar 1, 1999 — A researcher at the National Research Council of Canada has adapted a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) to perform near-field scanning in a tethered mode. This could have a significant impact on testing photonic devices such as waveguides and...
Chemical Sensor Offers Sensitive Real-Time Solution
Feb 1, 1999 — A sensor developed at the Georgia Tech Research Institute could make detection of chemical contaminants highly portable and sensitive, and also enable in situ monitoring of a range of chemicals. It is a planar optical waveguide chip with 13...
Disordered Films, Powders Exhibit Lasing Capabilities
Feb 1, 1999 — Semiconductor lasers may be brighter than light-emitting diodes (LEDs), but that advantage certainly comes at a premium. Now researchers at Northwestern University have demonstrated lasing in highly disordered films and powders, a development that...
Laser Pulses 'Freeze' Energy Flow
Feb 1, 1999 — Scientists at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign may have discovered a way to control chemical reactions using the pulse of a laser, an accomplishment that has eluded researchers for years. The group developed a technique called static...
New Coatings Break Reflectivity Barriers
Feb 1, 1999 — Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have discovered a class of dielectric coatings that can reflect a broad wavelength regime over a wide angular range. Professor John D. Joannopoulos and his colleagues discovered the reflective...
Aluminum Plating Improves Mirror Surfaces, Thermal Cycling
Jan 1, 1999 — You wouldn't think space would be a problem in a spectrographic telescope the size of a small car. That is, until you try to pack 22 infrared mirrors inside into a precise optical path. But for National Optical Astronomy Observatories researchers,...
Calibrated AFM Offers High Accuracy, Repeatability
Jan 1, 1999 — Atomic force microscopes (AFM) have come a long way since they were developed in the mid-1980s, with advances bringing more repeatability and stability. Engineers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are taking the technology...
Imaging Spectrometer Improves Auroral Understanding
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers at the University of Illinois are taking a fresh look at auroras. They have developed an imaging spectrometer that allows them to study auroral emissions as a function of altitude, offering them more clues about the effects of the solar...
National Science Foundation Launches Microelectronics Program
Jan 1, 1999 — The National Science Foundation has begun a $10 million program, XYZ on a Chip, to encourage researchers to explore nonelectronic applications for recent advances in microelectronics. With components shrinking in size, microelectronic systems are on...
Researchers Alter Rare-Earth Metals
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers from Vrije University have created an optical method of monitoring the hydrogen navigation that makes an yttrium film switch from reflective to transparent. The method should simplify work for other researchers seeking materials for...
Researchers Report Findings on Trapping and Cooling Molecules
Jan 1, 1999 — Researchers have long been interested in the ability to trap and cool molecules to facilitate improvements in ultracold molecular physics and in molecular spectroscopy. Scientists use methods such as laser cooling and cryogenic surface...
System Measures Efficiency of Solar Cells
Jan 1, 1999 — Physicists at the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation have developed a technique to measure imperfections in solar cells. That information points the way to more efficient and cost-effective solar cells. As light strikes a solar cell, it produces...
Atomic Force Microscope Aids Contact Lens Research
Dec 1, 1998 — The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an increasingly common research and development tool for contact lens manufacturers. Rather than requiring that lenses be examined in a vacuum (as in scanning electron microscopy) or in artificial...
Hubble Telescope Provides Rare View of Distant Galaxies
Dec 1, 1998 — VXcientists recently got their first glimpse of the oldest, most distant galaxies in the universe from images sent back from the Hubble Space Telescope. A sensitive IR camera detected the faint glow of galaxies estimated to be 95 percent of the way...
Interferometer Lights Path in Search for Distant Planets
Dec 1, 1998 — Scientists at the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory have demonstrated principles that could allow the direct detection of Earth-like planets around distant stars. The 10-µm emission of a gas cloud around Betelgeuse becomes visible...
Light Activates Protein Scissors
Dec 1, 1998 — A light-activated reagent that can bind to protein molecules and then sever them when irradiated by a 344-nm light could offer microbiologists a versatile tool for exploring the structure and behavior of proteins. Scientists could use this tool to...
Nanoshocks Reveal Molecular Behavior
Dec 1, 1998 — What is the first step in an explosion? In energetic materials, the question focuses on the dynamics of molecular behavior. Empirically, we know that we can break bonds and make energy, but how does this violent process start? At the University of...
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September 2024
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