Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These materials are designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves in ways that are not possible with conventional materials....

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

Able to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted, plane-polarized light beam clockwise as seen by a viewer looking...

A double block formed by placing two adjoining, equally thick sections of quartz, one being dextrorotary, the other...

In compact disc systems, the two principal frame formats for data storage. Mode 1 devotes 2048 bytes to user data, reserving...

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...

The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...

A computing paradigm that attempts to process information in a manner similar to that of the brain; it differs from...

The degree to which a pixel in a digital image represents the analog brightness of the corresponding point in the original...

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

The first nonlinear theory in plasma physics that details the time and space evolution of plasma wave instability from a...

A telescope stand equipped with a polar axis that can be set parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation and a declination axis...

1. In glass, a solid inclusion having a small diameter. 2. A particular, single crystal that, after undergoing the...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

A form of an element that cannot demonstrate optical activity as a result of dextrogyrate and levogyrate effects that are...

A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...

A concave mirror that has the form of a paraboloid of revolution. The paraboloidal mirror may have only a portion of a...

Not spherical; an optical element having one or more surfaces that are not spherical. The spherical surface of a lens may be...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

Characterizes a substance whose plane of polarization is rotated counterclockwise as the observer looks through the material...

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a medical treatment approach that combines elements of phototherapy and immunotherapy to target...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

A crystal that is devoid of any mosaic structure and that can reflect x-rays, relative to the Darwin-Ewald-Prins law.

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

A sequential scanning device, utilizing a revolving lens, in which the cathode-ray tube image is transformed into a circle...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

A surface that is swept out by revolving a circle about an axis that lies in the plane of the circle but that does not...