The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, actuators, software, and network connectivity. These devices collect and exchange data with each...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

In various fields such as fluid dynamics, microfluidics, and biotechnology, a flow channel refers to a defined pathway...

A container designed to hold recording material (film, video- and audiotape) so that when it is loaded into a recording...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...