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PLED Dictionary Terms

CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
coupling efficiency
The fraction of available output from a radiant source that is coupled and transmitted by an optical fiber.
soliton laser
A color center laser whose output is coupled to an external control laser cavity and then fed back to the main laser cavity...
charge-transfer efficiency
In a charge-coupled device, the percentage of each charge packet that is carried over to the next stage of the transport...
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
intensified charge-coupled device camera
An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...
Foucault rotating mirror
A rotating mirror coupled with a distant mirror and used in a system by Foucault to compute the velocity of light. Light...
quantum efficiency
Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
high-speed motion camera
A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...
optical profiler
Also known as a white-light interferometer. Measures surface texture and shape from nanometer-scale roughness to...
comparison microscope
Two microscopes that are coupled on a common stand, the two images being projected side by side in the field of view of a...
core-coupled lens
A semispherical or conical lens created directly on the core of an optical fiber to focus light from a laser into the fiber...
fiber optic spectrometer
A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...
fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna
A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...
lumia
A laser effect used especially for laser light shows. Lumia are created by placing a distorting medium such as rippled glass...
laser microscopy
Technique using functional optical microscope with the addition of a coherent source collinear with the image path. The...
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
cross-correlation
A signal-averaging technique that improves signal-to-noise ratio by comparing a sampled signal with a reference signal...
nonmonotonic cell
Used in halftone screens to change the fundamental sampled spatial frequency of the halftoned picture, as well as varying...
laser ablation
Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...
boxcar averager
An instrument for detecting and analyzing repetitive signals. Using a fixed time delay or "gate," the input signal...
charge-transfer device
See charge-coupled device; charge-injection device.
packet
The finite amount of electrical charge generated in response to incident radiation and transferred from one storage element...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor
The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is an optical device used for measuring the wavefront aberrations of an optical system....
multiphase pinned operation
A method of reducing dark current in charge-coupled devices by holding all the clocks at negative voltage during the...
line-scan camera
A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
cathode-coupled amplifier
A cascade amplifier that uses a common cathode resistor to couple energy from stage to stage.
CID camera
CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...
circulator
A passive device, having three or more ports, in which input light from one port is coupled only to the next sequential port...
flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...
visually coupled display
gated image tube
An intensified charge-coupled device that uses a large negative charge at the grid to switch off the flow of electrons at...
visually coupled airborne systems simulator
A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in...
multistripe array
A monolithic laser diode incorporating multiple coupled emitters.
helmet-mounted display
A compact optical projection system, mounted on or built into a helmet, and used to project data or a scene directly into...
transport shift register
The element in a charge-coupled device that receives the charge packets transferred from the line of sensor sites and then...
micro-ring resonator
A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
Polarization Imaging
A subsurface imaging technique based upon the polarization of light reflected off an object. The polarization of reflected...
beam profiling
Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...
pulse code modulation
System of information coding in which the signal is sampled 8000 times per second and the samples quantized by referring...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
double-clad fiber
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...
plasma-coupled device
Monolithic self-scanning linear image sensor array for multichannel spectroscopy with a spectral range of from 200 to 1000...
spherical microintegrated lens
A tiny lens (as small as 100 µm in diameter) used to focus light on charge-coupled devices, formed by heating a...
area scan
Area scan, in the context of imaging and cameras, refers to a method of capturing an entire two-dimensional image in a...
coupled rangefinder
A rangefinder on a camera that is integrated with the focusing mechanism so that when an object's range is determined, the...
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
pushbroom scanning
Pushbroom scanning is a technique used in remote sensing and imaging systems, particularly in satellite and aerial sensors,...
vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser
A laser that has a surface-emitting semiconductor gain element coupled to an external mirror designed to complete the laser...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...
charge-injection device
A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a...
fiber-based confocal luminescence microscope
A microscope in which laser light is delivered through single-mode fibers that replace the pinhole usually used in confocal...
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
optically coupled isolator
optoisolator
An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...
Cooper pairs
The coupled pairs of electrons that carry supercurrents through the body of a superconductor, relative to a coherent...
autocorrelator
A signal-averaging device that improves signal-to-noise ratio by comparing a sampled signal with a time-delayed form of...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
scalar theory of light
That theory that treats the light field as a single scalar field rather than as two coupled vector fields.
transfer gate
A single long gate electrode that transfers the line of charge packets to the transport shift register in a charge-coupled...
charge trapping
In a charge-coupled device, the disappearance of some of the accumulated charge into the silicon during readout.
aliasing
In image processing, the result of a sampling frequency that is too slow to preserve the spatial frequencies of the image....
charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...
full-well capacity
The number of electrons that each pixel of a charge-coupled device can hold without overflowing and causing blooming.
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
peripheral response
In a charge-coupled device, the detection of charge collected by the transport register rather than by the image-sensing...
stroke pattern
The pattern formed by a character generation cathode-ray tube system, in which the characters are composed of a sequence of...
intensified charge-coupled device
A CCD image sensor that uses a proximity-focused image intensifier to provide greater sensitivity at low light levels.
endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

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