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crystals Dictionary Terms

infrared absorption
Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...
dichroism
Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...
slicing and cutting machines - for crystals, quartz, glass, etc.
A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...
metallorganic chemical vapor deposition
A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...
retarder cell
A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...
lattice
In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...
dichroscope
A device used to investigate the dichroism of crystals.
polarimetric analysis
The determination of a substance's identity or quantity through the analysis of its optical rotation. For example, the...
crystallography
The analysis of the atomic structures within crystals by means of x-ray diffraction.
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
formate
A salt of formic acid that can be used to enhance the photosensitivity of silver halide crystals.
photoelectron holography
A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the...
dynamic theory
The theoretical explanation and analysis of the interactions between electron waves and crystals used in studying electron...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...
emulsion
In photography, the layer of light-sensitive material (usually a suspension of silver halide crystals) that coats the film...
accelerometer
An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...
twinning
A defect of natural quartz crystals in which both the right and left quartz are in the same crystal.
Lyot filter
A type of filter consisting of a series of birefringent crystals and polarizers invented by French astronomer Bernard Lyot...
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...
Pockels cell
A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...
scintillation crystal
A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...
pleochroism
The property exhibited by certain birefringent crystals in which the degree with which they transmit polarized light is...
anisotropic
Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...
negative dielectric anisotropy
State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...
nonlinear optical materials
Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
sheet polarizer
A sheet of plastic material containing microscopic crystals of herapathite or some other similar substance that transmits...
phase conjugation
The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...
fused quartz and silica
Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
dichroic polarizer
A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...
covalent crystal
A crystal formed by covalent bonds that are generally highly directional by nature. The electric characteristics of these...
calcite
A doubly refracting mineral used to produce polarizing prisms. It is uniaxial negative and in the trigonal division of the...
twin crystal
A compound crystal having two or more crystals or crystal sections that, when regularly positioned, are in reverse position...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
electroholography
A technology that uses electrically activated holograms stored within specially developed crystals to route information in...
crystal optics
The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...
sapphire crystal
Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...
biaxial crystal
A birefringent crystal having two axes along which there is an absence of double refraction. Mica, sulphur and turquoise are...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
crystal diamagnetism
The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
vanadate laser
Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...
second-harmonic generation
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...
crystallized glass
Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
ferroelectricity
The phenomenon whereby certain crystals exhibit spontaneous electric polarization. It is analogous with ferromagnetism.
diamond turning
Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
harmonic generation
Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...
piezoelectric transducers and ceramic materials
Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...
immersion liquid
Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses,...
tetragonal
With respect to crystals, having three mutually rectangular axes, only two of which are equal.
Weissenberg method
The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
crystal
A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...
polarizing filter
A filter that polarizes light passing through it. It is possible to fabricate sheets of plastic or gelatin that contain...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
acute bisectrix
In biaxial crystals, the principal angle that bisects the smaller angle between the optic axes.
Babinet absorption rule
The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...
flux growth
A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
YAG crystal
A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...
isogyric curves
With respect to the effect of crystals on lightwaves, the family of curves having constant direction of polarization.
second-order nonlinear optical properties
Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...
calcium tungstate
White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.
seed
1. In glass, a solid inclusion having a small diameter. 2. A particular, single crystal that, after undergoing the...
negative crystal
A uniaxial, birefringent crystal such as calcite or ruby in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of...
cesium chloride
Colorless crystals used in photoelectric cells and for photosensitive material in cathodes.
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
holmium laser
Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...
epitaxy
A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

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