In optics, the double refraction that is produced when stress is applied to a transparent material. Plastics, which are especially photoelastic, can be formed into models of structures that are subjected to stress. The resulting double refraction...

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

The term gradient-index profile refers to a specific type of refractive index distribution within an optical material. In...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

The intensity distribution seen when scanning the image of a line, in the direction perpendicular to that line.

Photon flow created by imaging of light into a detector array; IPD is the electrical signal used by the image processor in a...

Multiple exposures of holograms, one for each position of a vibrating image, that are used for vibration analysis and that...

An instrument in which an image of the sun is scanned by the entrance slit of a monochromator, the exit slit simultaneously...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

QLED stands for quantum dot light-emitting diode. QLED is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are...

In an optical system, noise created by mode-dependent optical losses and variations in the distribution of radiant power...

The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...

An optical source that has a luminous distribution that is uniform for all directions.

For a single-mode fiber, the measurement of the irradiance distribution at the fiber's end face.

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

The quality of asymmetrical intensity distribution in a laser beam, as opposed to a circular distribution.

Spectral power distribution representing a standard source of illumination, which may be real or hypothetical.

The length of optical waveguide needed to attain equilibrium mode distribution for a specified excitation condition.

A dye laser cell configuration in which the dye flows in the direction of the axis of the laser, yielding symmetrical energy...

Average wavelength usually determined for light-transmitting devices by taking a weighted average for each wavelength of the...

An intensity distribution (intensity as a function of radial distance from the beam center) which is given by the Gaussian...

Temperature of the blackbody having a spectral power distribution approximately proportional to the test source at all...

Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...

Relative power distribution as a function of position or angle.

A kind of spectrograph in which some form of detector, other than a photographic film, is used to measure the distribution...

Calculation of gas and aerosol transmission and emission characteristics for several model atmospheres, including two model...

Approximation of a system of thermal equilibrium formed by the distribution of the kinetic energies of electrons in a gas...

Intensity distribution in the image of an edge. The gradient of the edge-response curve is a measure of the image quality of...

The photographic recording of the distribution and location of radioactive substances found in a specimen. The record formed...

The distribution of one signal to more than one location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of outputs that can...

Unified notation for specification of reflectance in terms of both incident- and reflected-beam geometry; i.e., the ratio of...

The point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental concept in imaging that describes the response of an imaging system to a...

Generally, the orientation of rays of light striking a surface.

The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or...

A device used to alter the shape of or energy distribution within a beam of radiation.

Change of the spatial distribution of a beam of radiation when it interacts with a surface or a heterogeneous medium, in...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

A device that measures the spatial distribution of energy perpendicular to the propagation path of a radiant beam. An energy...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...

A laser that sends data from the source to the distribution node.

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...

A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

The electrical distribution that serves to influence an electron beam in the same way that an optical lens affects a light...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

The distribution of gray-scale values in an image.

The optical reconstruction of image information contained in a sound field. First the diffraction pattern, formed by an...

A light source that emits an uneven distribution of radiant energy through the visible range.

A beam of light whose electrical field amplitude distribution is Gaussian. When such a beam is circular in cross section,...

Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...

Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....

The distribution of energy about the image of a point source in the focal plane of an optical system.

A pinhole camera used to record a radioactive tracer's distribution in a subject by means of a scintillation counter or a...

An instrument for the detection of the energy distribution of b-particles and secondary electrons.

A spectrum that displays the distribution in mass or in mass-to-charge ratio of ionized atoms, molecules or molecular parts....

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

The condition in a multimode optical waveguide in which the relative power distribution among the propagating modes is...

A camera used in scintillation recording to make a visible record of the distribution and relative concentration of...

An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...

The capability of the spatial distributions of incident and reflected flux to interchange completely without alteration of...

A device used in measuring the attenuation of multimode optical fibers. A short reference length of fiber when combined with...

The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex...

The distribution of electromagnetic fields in a given area. The units are volts per meter, watts per meter squared and...

Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...

The relative power emitted by a source as a function of wavelength. It determines the color-rendering properties of the...

A pulse that has the waveform of a Gaussian distribution.

The effect that characterizes an intense laser beam that is passed through an absorbing medium, causing the absorbed energy...

The relationship between different wavelengths of light generated by a source, which may affect the spectral distribution of...

A source that attempts to create the characteristics of an ideal blackbody. It consists of a cavity, generally spherical,...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...

A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

A graphic representation of a distribution function such as frequency by means of rectangles whose widths represent the...

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

The amplitude, polarization and phase contained in the field distribution over the aperture.

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

A homogeneous optical medium or coating that transmits only in particular regions of the spectrum. It is used to change or...

The holographic recording of a microscopic specimen whereby magnification is achieved by alteration in a wavelength or...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

Postulated by Einstein in his theory of relativity. They are waves traveling at the speed of light and exerting force on...

Process that occurs when a polymerized soft plastic rod with higher refractive index is placed in a bath of a lower...

A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

1.) Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to...

Also known as transverse mode. The configurations of energy storage, relative to the structure of a laser resonator, that...

A rear or front projection screen composed of minute optical surfaces that introduce a spread to the light beam that...

Method of preserving the measured color value and color information as it is translated from differing devices. For example...

A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...

An instrument used to detect and measure the energy distribution of gamma rays. It has been used to chart the radioactivity...

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

A light filter that equally decreases the intensity of all wavelengths of light without altering the relative spectral...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

In printing, a translucent screen used with lenses to provide an even distribution of diffused light.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

A variation of tomography in which several photographs of a patient are taken at different angles, and back-projection of...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

The determination of axially symmetric and asymmetric refractive-index distributions by use of interferometry carried out on...

The spatial distribution of incident and collected flux contained in the analysis of reflectance, transmittance or densities.

The smallest linear diameter to which a laser or other beam of radiant energy is capable of being focused, depending on the...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

The pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in power distribution among modes of a Fabry-Perot laser, which can result in...

A function of the intensity distribution in an image aberrated by a quadratic curvature wavefront distortion.

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...

Any problem that requires retrieval of the distribution of some internal properties, such as temperature concentration,...

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

Bar pattern represented as a sine curve in which the light distribution varies in one direction.

Source of radiation defined or specified by its spectral power distribution.

The method of determining the energy distribution of high-speed charged particles by the luminous effect formed when the...

The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and...

Any pyrheliometer that has a filter placed over its sensor to limit the range of solar radiation it will detect; used to...

A scattering photometer using scattered light in the solid angle 4.51+0 19° with respect to the forward direction, and...

A scanning device used to cyclically tune through a given frequency range to determine the amplitude-frequency distribution...

A statistical means of characterizing the failure of a fiber or device as related to strain or time. Results are plotted on...

A measurement technique used to determine the spatial distribution profile of an electrical or optical quantity of interest...