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electric field Dictionary Terms

APD detector
An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...
Franz-Keldysh effect
Observed lengthening in wavelengths of the optical absorption edge of a semiconductor with the application of an electric...
electric dichroism spectroscopy
The use of a krypton laser system for the measurement of small molecules aligned by an electric field, by analyzing the...
Hall effect
The development of a transverse electric field in a solid material when it carries an electric current and is placed in a...
electromodulation spectroscopy
A type of modulation spectroscopy that measures spectral reflectance or transmittance changes induced by applying a...
bremsstrahlung
Electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by an electron as it is accelerated or decelerated while moving through the...
field ion microscope
An extremely powerful microscope that renders individual ionized atoms visible by using an electric field to propel the ions...
photoreflectance
A noncontact form of electromodulation in which modulation of the electric field is caused by photo-excited electron-hole...
electron lens
An electric field produced to influence an electron stream much in the same manner that a lens affects a light beam.
Pockels
In optics, the Pockels effect refers to the phenomenon where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an...
Gaussian beam optics
The area of optics that deals with the propagation of Gaussian laser beams in free space, or any general medium - i.e....
electrolytic development
Developing a photographic image by means of an applied electric field. The methods used include electrolysis and...
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...
circular dichroism
Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...
double-layer light amplifier
A device used to create a light output that exceeds light input, the energy being provided by an electric field. It consists...
mode-locked lasers
Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...
self-phase modulation
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs when an intense laser beam passes through a...
electrowetting display
An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...
azimuthal polarization
Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
electric vector
The electric field associated with an electromagnetic wave and thus with a lightwave. The electric vector specifies the...
piezoelectric effect
The interaction between electrical and mechanical stress-strain factors in a material. When piezoelectric crystal is...
second-order nonlinear optical properties
Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...
electrostriction
Elastic deformation of a dielectric caused by volume force when the dielectric is placed in an inhomogeneous electric field.
electro-optic modulator
An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...
particle acceleration
Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...
tip-enhanced Raman scattering
Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...
electro-optic material
A material having refractive indices that can be altered by an applied electric field.
modulator crystal
A nonlinear crystal used to modulate a polarized beam of light by means of the Pockels effect. A Pockels cell is used as a...
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
cataphoretic effect
The attraction of particles suspended in a solution to a cathode, as a result of an electric field.
right-hand polarized wave
A wave that is polarized elliptically or circularly polarized and in which the electric field vector — observed while...
nonlinear optical materials
Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...
magnitude
In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...
Destriau effect
Observed electroluminescence of zinc sulfide phosphors when excited by an electric field. This effect is the basis for the...
biplanar lens
Electron lens consisting of an homogeneous axial electric field.
ferroelectric crystal
A crystal capable of being polarized in the reverse direction when an electric field is applied.
electromagnetic lens
An electron lens consisting of a homogeneous axial electric field and a magnetic field used in high-quality image tubes for...
dielectric
Exhibiting the characteristic of materials that are electrical insulators or in which an electric field can be sustained...
computer-calculated diffraction pattern
The use of computer analysis in the calculation of diffraction patterns for information on the design of optical systems. In...
inverse piezoelectric effect
The resulting contraction or expansion of a piezoelectric crystal along an electric axis when the crystal is under the...
plasma accelerator
A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...
nanopositioning
Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...
electronically controlled coupling
The use of an electric field or signal to couple a lightwave from one dielectric waveguide into another dielectric waveguide.
Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...
profilometry
Measurement of surface roughness or quality through the use of a diamond-pointed stylus connected to a coil in an electric...
nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy
A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...
transverse mode
In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...
modulation spectroscopy
A method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
Stark broadening
Spectrum broadening that results from the influence of an electric field.
photon drag effect
The induction of an electric field in a semiconductor by an incident laser beam. The technique has rapid response time at...
ferroelectric film
Film in which electric polarization is reversible when influenced by an electric field.
Lorentz oscillator model
The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...
ferroelectric materials
Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
optical gate
An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...
linear element
A device for which the output electric field is linearly proportional to the input electric field, and no new wavelengths or...
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...
laser output
The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...
synchrotron
A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

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