Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded together to form long chains or networks, creating a macromolecular structure. The process of linking monomers together is...

Laser surgery by means of a low-power laser system using a synthetic sapphire scalpel that transmits the laser light while...

An optical system that superimposes a synthetic display providing navigational or weapon-aiming information on a pilot's or...

The liquid used in microscopy to fill the space between the high-power objective lens and the microscope slide in order to...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

An imaging technique in which an object moving through an interference field formed in space scatters light and is spatially...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

Imaging radar that increases the sweep of its along-track (or azimuth) capacity by measuring not only the time delay of the...

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is the 400- to 700-nm region (visible light) of the electromagnetic spectrum that...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

The direct appreciation of the distance between a given object and the observer, or between the front and back of a solid...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...