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Basic Science News
Tabletop Laser Sparks Nuclear Fusion
LIVERMORE, Calif. — Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have demonstrated that big things can come from small packages. The scientists used a tabletop laser to ignite nuclear fusion in a gas jet of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. This successful experiment could lead to a tabletop neutron source. A laser beam ignites a puff of deuterium clusters pulsed from the bottom of a cryogenically cooled gas jet (which measures about 1 in. in diameter). The white spark is the fusion plasma. Such a...
Varian, Seiko Instruments Sign $6 Million Agreement
Jul 1, 1999 — PALO ALTO, Calif., July 1 -- Varian, Inc. has signed a reseller agreement with Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII) of Japan. Under the three-year contract, valued at a minimum of $2 million per year in sales, SII will resell Varian's Vista line of...
Visible Light Reflects Nearly Perfectly
ESSEN, Germany -- ESSEN, Germany -- Materials with photonic bandgaps hold great promise for a wide variety of applications, but three-dimensional versions are difficult to manufacture. A few research groups have developed one-dimensional photonic crystals with a...
Hologram Reveals 3-D Images of Atoms
Jun 28, 1999 — GRENOBLE, France, June 28 -- Researchers using a new holographic technique have obtained the highest resolution three-dimensional images yet observed of atoms in a crystal. As described in Physical Review Letters, the method has the potential to...
One-Angstrom Microscope Achieves Unprecedented Resolution
Jun 11, 1999 — BERKELEY, Calif., June 11 -- Researchers at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have made unprecedented images of columns of carbon atoms in a diamond lattice, only 0.89 angstrom apart, using the One-Ångstrom...
UV Satellite to Hunt Big Bang Fossils
Jun 10, 1999 — WASHINGTON, DC, June 10 -- The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite will set off later this month in search of fossil remnants of the Big Bang that scientists believe created the universe. FUSE will circle the globe every 100...
Star's Behavior Puzzles Astronomers
Jun 9, 1999 — CHICAGO, Ill., June 9 -- One of the best-known stars in the southern night sky, Eta Carinae, has suddenly doubled in brightness. This action leaves astronomers puzzled; they theorize that the star may be undergoing a massive eruption, much as it did...
GE Unveils New Medical Imaging Technology
Jun 8, 1999 — LOS ANGELES, Calif., June 8 -- GE Medical Systems has developed a new medical imaging technique that combines X-rays and radioactive tracers injected into the body to identify health problems and diseases. Called functional anatomic mapping, it...
Photodynamic Therapy Targets Eyes
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — Doctors at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary recently began preclinical trials of photodynamic therapy treatments for age-related macular degeneration and ocular melanoma. Patients are injected with a photosensitive chemical that accumulates in...
Quantum Onions Add Zing to Nanoscience
MAINZ, Germany — Development of quantum onions could signal the onset of salad days for nanoscientists at the University of Mainz. The crystals, so called because of their layers of semiconductor material, add further seasoning to researchers' knowledge of how...
Sensor Exhibits Long Luminescence Decay Time
Jun 1, 1999 — Researchers have proposed decay-time-based schemes to sense oxygen, pH and CO2, although only oxygen optodes have found practical applications. A research group from the Institute of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Regensburg in Germany...
South Africa Eyes New Laser Source
PELINDABA, South Africa — The South African government has committed its support for the creation of a national laser facility, using 153 lasers from a terminated South African Atomic Energy Corp. uranium-enrichment project.When the project ended, physicists persuaded the...
Spectroscopies Offer Integrated View
LOS ALAMOS, N.M. — Two scientists who integrated data from four spectroscopy methods have found an innovative way to test hazardous materials and aging nuclear weapons stockpiles. The technology will provide images of heterogeneous materials that will allow scientists...
New UK Telescope to Study Southern Skies
May 17, 1999 — LONDON, England, May 17 -- British astronomers report that their proposal for a special new telescope to survey southern skies has been approved. VISTA -- the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy -- will survey large areas of the sky...
IR Microscope Images Materials at nm-Scale
May 14, 1999 — MARTINSRIED, Germany, May 14 -- Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry have developed a microscope to identify material composition on a nanoscale using infrared (IR) vibrational absorption and a scanning metal tip. The scientists...
Camera Users:
May 1, 1999 — Image intensifier tubes produce images in low-light situations, but the best tool for an application is not always obvious to the subjective human eye. Astronomy, surveillance and broadcast television use image intensifier tubes to assist in...
IR Spectroscopy Analyzes Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
May 1, 1999 — Scientists have tried for years to identify the matter that exists between stars. Now a Stanford University research team may be closer to reaching that goal. The group exposed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ice to ultraviolet radiation under...
Laser Technique Analyzes Microelectronic Thin Films
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- A Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher has developed a nondestructive, noncontact, laser-based acoustic technique called impulsive stimulated thermal scattering that quickly measures the thickness of thin films used...
Photonic Crystals Grow Themselves
ROCHESTER, N.Y. — Researchers have experimented with photonic crystals for more than a decade, seeking to develop materials that can be used as building blocks for photonic devices. An innovation from the University of Rochester may radically change the way these...
Technique Takes Deeper Look at Paper
JYVÄSKYLÄ, Finland — When papermakers cook up a new recipe for paper, they want to be sure it's going to work right before making reams and reams of it. Chemists at the University of Jyväskylä have developed spectroscopic techniques to get a three-dimensional analysis...
Fiber Optic Biosensor Tests for Infection, Diseases
Apr 30, 1999 — MISSISSAUGA, Ont., April 30 -- Scientists at the University of Toronto have developed a new biosensor to screen for life-threatening fungal and bacterial infections, as well as diseases such as hepatitis or AIDS. The sensor is a DNA hybridization...
Astronomers Find First Evidence of Hypernovae
Apr 13, 1999 — EVANSTON, Ill., April 13 -- Astronomers at Northwestern University and the University of Illinois have detected the first observational evidence of the remnants of hypernovae. These explosions are a hundred times more energetic than supernovae and...
Scientists Call for Interdisciplinary Research
Apr 1, 1999 — The full benefit of photonics to applications in chemistry, biology and material sciences is far from being realized because of barriers to interdisciplinary research. So says Richard Zare, past chairman of the National Science Board. Writing in...
Photographic Technique Assists Laser Fusion Experiments
Mar 31, 1999 — HUNTSVILLE, Ala., March 31 -- An old photographic technique is helping scientists on the cutting edge of laser research. The Astrophysics Branch in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is providing photographic...
Laser-Generated X-Rays Help Scientists Watch Atoms Move
Mar 30, 1999 — SAN DIEGO, Calif., March 30 -- A group of researchers at the University of California-San Diego has devised a laser-based method for peering into the high-speed world of atoms and directly observing their movement. Using ultra-fast pulses that...
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June 2024
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