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Research & Technology News

Report Reveals Pitfalls of Laser Astigmatism Measurement

Sep 1, 1997 — AUBURN, Calif. -- Scientists using a common method of measuring the astigmatism, or optimum focal length, of laser diodes have been led astray, according to a report released by researchers at Coherent Inc. Measuring astigmatism is vital to the applications of laser diodes in fields such as optical disc data reading and high-resolution bar-code reading. However, in a paper published in Optical Engineering, Coherent optical engineer Haiyin Sun said, "Previous measurement with the measured data...

Sensor Warns of Biological Warfare

Sep 1, 1997 — WASHINGTON -- Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory's Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering have developed a multichannel biosensor capable of providing early detection of anthrax and other lethal biological agents. Now in advanced...

Silicon Glows With Iron 'Islands'

Sep 1, 1997 — GUILDFORD, UK -- Integrated optical devices are the ultimate application for a 1.54-µm light-emitting diode (LED) structure built in a conventional silicon diode junction. While compound semiconductor LEDs based on gallium arsenide abound, an...

Single Polymers Jiggle Predictably

Sep 1, 1997 — PASADENA, Calif. -- DNA molecules submerged in water vibrate harmoniously, according to a recent study enabled by photonics and reported in the July 10 issue of Nature. Physicist Steven Chu of the California Institute of Technology and a student...

Telescope Looks for Dirty Skies

Sep 1, 1997 — A 30-in. Beck telescope returned to Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Ga., after a 10-year hiatus. The instrument was originally installed at the college's observatory, but after pollution ended its star-gazing days, it was moved to a Georgia State...

Volcano Research Keeps Its Distance

Sep 1, 1997 — MEXICO CITY -- A Pan-American research team has been using photonics to watch a nearby volcano in hopes of learning how to forecast eruptions, assess health risks for people who live near volcanoes and determine volcanoes' effects on air pollution....

World's First Automated Highway Debut

Sep 1, 1997 — The nation's first stretch of automated highway debuted in San Diego recently, providing a glimpse of hands-off commuting in the next century. Cars equipped with magnets, radar and 1-in. video cameras on the rear-view mirrors followed visual aids...

Defense Technology Aids Medicine

Aug 1, 1997 — WASHINGTON -- A combination of military and commercial technology has created a practical midwave IR spectral imaging microscope. The system developed by researchers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Institutes...

DUV Inspection May Be Vital to Next Generation of Microchips

Aug 1, 1997 — YAVNE, Israel -- Scientists familiar with the semiconductor industry say deep-UV inspection systems will be an important part of next-generation microchips as feature sizes slip below the 0.25-µm mark by the turn of the century. About every...

Europeans Aim to Decorate Plastics

Aug 1, 1997 — Lambda Physik has teamed up with several partners for the European Brite/Euram III development program to design a system for laser decoration. The proposed system will create permanent multicolor patterns and photographic images directly on various...

Fiber Aids Atom Deposition

Aug 1, 1997 — A group of Japanese and Korean researchers have discovered an atom deposition technique that overcomes the diffraction limit in optical lithography. The researchers sent atoms down a micron-size, hollow optical fiber, with a blue detuned evanescent...

Fiber Laser Sets a Record

Aug 1, 1997 — MURRAY HILL, N.J. -- A recent demonstration of optical fiber lasers with ultrahigh output powers could have implications for telecommunications, materials processing and medical applications, according to the scientists who developed the technology....

French Researchers Model Solitons

Aug 1, 1997 — With rapidly increasing transmis-sion speeds in fiber optic networks, problems such as chromatic dispersion have distorted optical signals. Bernard Michaux, a research engineer at the Burgundy Laboratory of Computing, Electronics, Signals and Images...

Hybrid Receptors: A New Direction for Nonlinear Development

Aug 1, 1997 — PASADENA, Calif. -- You would think that increasing the efficiency of a third-order nonlinear material by 35 times at the commercially attractive wavelength of 1.5 µm would be enough to make a researcher happy. After all, it could be an...

Large Telescope Reaches Japan

Aug 1, 1997 — The Technical Museum of Nagasaki in Japan is the new home of a 70-cm telescope manufactured by Carl Zeiss. The medium-size telescope features an optically corrected two-mirror Ritchey-Chrétien system and a computer-controlled electronic...

Lasers Help Identify Airborne Particles in Real Time

Aug 1, 1997 — RIVERSIDE, Calif. -- Around the globe, lasers are becoming one of the most accurate ways to measure wind speed and direction. Now researchers are using coherent beams to determine in real time and in situ the size and chemical composition of...

Machine vision steals the show

Aug 1, 1997 — TUCSON, Ariz. -- Machine vision successfully made the move from laboratory to industry. Now it looks as if it might make it in the theater as well. Arizona State University's Robb Lovell and John Mitchell have picked up where mainstream machine...

Matsushita Improves Silica Aerogel

Aug 1, 1997 — OSAKA, Japan -- A new waterproofing process could lengthen the lifetime and optical efficiency of silica aerogel, a material used in a variety of applications, including the cladding and protection of optical fiber. Created by researchers at...

Nanophotonics Moves Ahead

Aug 1, 1997 — Researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have constructed a nanoscale photonic resonator that is more than 100 times smaller than the cross section of a human hair. In combination with an equally minuscule semiconductor laser, the...

New Spectrometer Sheds Light on Chemical Mystery

Aug 1, 1997 — GLASGOW, UK -- Determining the absolute configuration of molecules is a prerequisite to developing new medicines. So-called chiral molecules are common and yet complex entities, existing in two forms that are mirror images of one another. Among the...

Single-Step QC Laser Emits at 8.5 µm

Aug 1, 1997 — In the latest development in quantum cascade laser research, a group of Northwestern University scientists reported an 8.5-µm emission from quantum cascade lasers grown in a single step by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. In addition, the...

System Senses Individual Electrons

Aug 1, 1997 — MURRAY HILL, N.J. -- A system that can monitor and image individual electrical charges on and below the surface of semiconductor devices could be the next step in the never-ending quest for smaller, more powerful integrated circuits. Scientists at...

3-D Pits Boost Optical Storage

Jul 1, 1997 — EMERYVILLE, Calif. -- Two researchers have developed an encoding technique that could revolutionize the world of CD-ROMs and digital video discs, essentially tripling their storage capacity. To consumers, especially those eyeing the trend toward...

American Blue Diode Laser Pulses Atop Silicon Carbide Substrate

Jul 1, 1997 — DURHAM, N.C. -- Cree Research Inc. has demonstrated a pulsed blue semiconductor diode laser that operates at room temperature -- a first step in a race for a commercial device that would greatly increase optical storage capacity.The company's 403-nm...

Employees Can't Wash Away Restroom Sensor

Jul 1, 1997 — RED BANK, N.J. -- Mother always told us to wash our hands after visiting the bathroom. But Mom can't follow restaurant, hotel and hospital workers into the restroom at break time. Fortunately, photonics-based Hygiene Guard can ensure that the kid...

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