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MATERIALS, COATINGS DICTIONARY TERMS
resistance heater
A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...
ferroelectric
That property of particular materials that determines that they will be polarized in one direction or the other, or reversed...
glass melting furnace
A furnace used to heat glass materials. It may be a small laboratory-type furnace for small-scale experiments or large...
plastic optics
The integration of plastic materials into optical applications. When the materials are refined into lenses, prisms and...
beta radiation
The high-speed electrons and positrons emitted by radioactive materials.
nanostructured glass
A unique glass made up of nano-structured materials to create millimeter sized monolithic glass space-variant polarization...
interstitial absorbing coating
An absorbing coating medium between fibers, used in some fused fiber optic plates to absorb unwanted light. Such coatings...
nondestructive testing (NDT)
Any testing method for materials and components that does not damage or destroy the test sample. Some of the methods used...
calcium tungstate
White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.
Verdet constant
A factor of an equation of the Faraday effect, which is the rotation of the plane of light polarization by transparent...
darkroom
A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive...
metallographic polishing machine
A small optical polishing machine intended for polishing the surface of a metal specimen before etching for examination...
cleanroom
An area in which airborne particulates can be monitored and controlled so that given size particles do not exceed a...
band-to-band photoluminescence
The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor...
negative-refraction metamaterial
An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...
polariscope
A combination of a polarizer and an analyzer that is used to detect birefringence or rotation of the plane of polarization...
soft coating
A term describing an antireflection coating that may be applied to optics that cannot tolerate the high temperatures usually...
microdensitometer
The fundamental tool of microdensitometry, the microdensitometer is an instrument used for the precise measurement of...
hybrid optical integrated circuit
Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...
corrected lens
A compound lens, the dimensions and materials of which have been so chosen that the lens is appreciably free of aberrations.
low-loss fiber
Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...
narcissus
A defect in infrared systems that appears as a dark circular area on a displayed image, caused by radiation reflecting into...
optical materials
Materials that, by virtue of their optical characteristics (i.e. refractive index, dispersion, etc.), are used in optical...
pulse video thermography (PVT)
A noncontact, nondestructive method of measuring defects in thin composite materials, using a xenon flashtube to generate...
sol-gel
A gelatinous fluid that can be used as a porous thin-film coating for optical components, including laser beam collimators,...
photomagnetic effect
The direct influence of light on the magnetic susceptibility of particular materials.
PN junction
The transition boundary between P-type and N-type materials in a semiconductor.
solar simulation
The simulation of solar radiation in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum for the analysis of extraterrestrial sunlight and...
radiation trapping
That process by which radiation spontaneously emitted by a volume of optical materials is resonantly reabsorbed within the...
slurry
The name of the mixture of liquid and grinding or polishing compounds used in processing optical materials.
incoherent bundle
A bundle of filaments of optical glass or other transparent materials that transmit only light, not optical images. The...
Microheterogeneous Systems
Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...
dark box
A lightproof box used for storing photosensitive materials.
acetone
Optic surface cleaning liquid that may be applied to glass, crystal, dielectric and metal surfaces; however, may not be...
polarizing coating
A coating made up of particular birefringent materials having polarizing properties. It may be used, in some cases, to...
radioactivity detector
An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...
isochromatic lines
1. Lines of the same color. 2. A term used in photoelastic stress analysis to refer to the interference fringes produced in...
cord
A threadlike inclusion within a blank of optical glass. Rarely found in quality optical materials.
Grittington test
A method of determining the abrasion resistance of very hard materials by passing a weighted wiper blade across them in a...
Fresnel reflection
The reflection of a portion of light resulting when light is incident upon the surface between materials that have different...
linear plastic
A term for thermoplastic optical materials; that is, those in which the polymer chains remain linear after heating and...
metamaterial
A material engineered from artificial matter not found in nature. The artificial makeup and design of metamaterials give...
beam-addressable technology
The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...
depletion region
The region at the PN junction in a semiconductor radiation detector where the potential energies of the two materials create...
two-six (II-VI)
Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element with two valence electrons and one or more with six....
translucent
Pertaining to materials having the property of reflecting a part and transmitting a part of the incident radiation.
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A compact solid-state laser, referred to as DPSSL, created when a laser diode pumps light into either the sides or end of...
dichroism
1. In reference to anisotropic materials, the selective absorption of light rays that vibrate in one particular plane...
pitch polishing compound
Pitch for polishing mixed with other materials to give it the right viscosity so that it will follow the fine-ground lens...
advanced photon source
An accelerator at the Argonne National Laboratory, providing powerful x-ray beams for materials research applications.
adhesive
An intermolecular substance that serves to hold materials together. Two types are used in the optical industry: one, which...
idiochromatic
Pertaining to the possession of photoelectric characteristics as a result of the properties of the true crystal and not of...
beta fluorography
The use of a short-duration electron beam to record high-speed events that occur in microscopic objects made of materials...
dielectric coating
A high-reflectance coating consisting of alternating layers of quarter-wave film of a higher refractive index and lower...
spatter
Of evaporative coatings, a condition resulting when small chunks of material fly from the hot crucible onto the substrate...
semiconductor laser
A semiconductor material which is designed and grown for the efficient production of short wavelength stimulated emission...
computer polarization holography
A technique used to store wavefront information on thin polarization information-recordable materials by controlling the...
enhanced Faraday effect
The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...
sclerometer
An instrument used to test the hardness of various materials. It measures the pressure on a standard point that is necessary...
ion-assisted deposition (IAD)
A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions...
epitaxy
A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...
cold coating
A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating...
stress birefringence
Birefringence of materials that is induced or altered by stress fields.
Mohs hardness
Material hardness scale that is used to characterize the scratch resistance of various materials. This surface hardness...
infrared reflector
An optical component coated to reflect infrared radiation. Gold, silver and aluminum are typical coating materials.
electrophotography
The photographic recording of an image formed by the alteration in electrical properties of the sensitive materials and...
quantum dots
Also known as QDs. Nanocrystals of semiconductor materials that fluoresce when excited by external light sources, primarily...
pyrolysis
A process that employs heat to remove polyimide plastic coatings from silica optical fibers and capillary tubing.
Murty interferometer
A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...
laser reflow soldering
Use of a laser to solder joints by melting the solder coatings on the mating components.
mechanical splice
A fiber splice accomplished by fixtures or materials, rather than by thermal fusion. Index matching material may be applied...
polarimeter
A polariscope with a half-shade device and an angular scale generally attached to the analyzer. It is used to measure the...
drawing tower
A system for fabricating optical fiber, consisting of a furnace that heats the materials, a polymer coating stage, a...
material scattering
The total scattering attributable to the intrinsic properties of the materials through which an optical wave is propagating.
radiography
A photographic process using x-ray radiation or the g-rays of radioactive materials.
three-five (III-V)
Referring to compound semiconductor materials combining one element that has three valence electrons with one or more that...
planform bonding
A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...
hyperspectral imaging
Methods for identifying and mapping materials through spectroscopic remote sensing. Also called imaging spectroscopy;...
amphoteric materials
Substances that exhibit the characteristics of both acids and bases and are capable of both P- and N-type conductivity.
substrate blank
Materials (usually ceramics or other semiconductors) that are molded into approximate forms to use as supports for large...
infrared spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer having a prism or, more frequently, a grating for the study and recording of infrared spectra. It...
laser lithotripter
A laser device intended for crushing urinary tract stones so they can be flushed from the body. Light is introduced via...
hermetic bonding
The total fusion and sealing of materials, or usually an enclosure, to ensure that they are airtight.
microphotonics
The technology of manipulating light on a micro scale. In optical communications, this is usually accomplished using two or...
high-density storage
Extensive data storage in the form of bits, with the use of high-resolution photographic materials and optics, and generally...
etching liquid
An acid used to etch the surfaces of particular materials. For glass, hydrofluoric acid is used either as a liquid or a...
biophotonics
The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...
Faraday rotation
The effect discovered by Faraday in 1845 whereby nonoptically active materials or substances become capable of rotating the...
phase conjugation
The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...
Czochralski technique
Popular process for silicon and polycrystalline production that consists of an alteration of the original state of a...
electron-beam evaporation
A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...
tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...
light sectioning
Technique for measuring the volume bulk of materials as they move along a conveyor with an accuracy of better than 1...
chromatic aberration
The lens aberration resulting from the normal increase in refractive index of all common materials toward the blue end of...
optical ceramics
Transparent glassy and or crystalline structured materials engineered from inorganic, non-metallic materials via various...
photoconductivity
The conductivity increase exhibited by some nonmetallic materials, resulting from the free carriers generated when photon...
microphotofabrication
The formation of microimages for microreduction. The technique is used, for example, in the production of precision reticles...
petrographic microscope
A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective....
conduction welding
A type of laser welding of thin materials using a defocused or low-power carbon dioxide laser beam. The energy is absorbed...
multilayer coating
A coating made up of many layers of material having alternating high and low refractive index. In this way, it is possible...
sensitometry
Primarily the measurement of photographic sensitivity of certain materials such as photographic film. It refers to the...
infrared optical material
The range of materials that, unlike glass, may be used in the infrared. Water-soluble salts, such as cesium iodide, and...
axial gradient technology
A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...
didymium glass
Glass tinted with mixed oxides of neodymium and praseodymium that, unlike most solid materials, have absorption bands that...
ferromagnetism
The properties of certain materials that cause them to have relative permeabilities that exceed unity. This permeability...
adiabatic laser colorimetry
Method for studying absorption coefficients of low-loss materials, in which a sample is allowed to come to thermal...
computer-generated holographic scanner (CGHS)
A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...
triboluminescence
Luminescence that arises from friction and that usually occurs in crystalline materials.
terahertz radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...
electron-beam recording (EBR)
The recording of the information contained in a modulated electron beam onto photographic or silicon resin-coated materials....
color aging test
A test used to measure the degree of fading of different colored materials, especially those involving organic dyes, which...
grenz rays
The soft x-rays used in the industrial radiography of materials having too small a range of densities to produce an image...
coated optics
Optical elements that have been coated with one or more layers of dielectric, or metallic material. These coatings serve to...
nanotechnology
The use of atoms, molecules and molecular-scale structures to enhance existing technology and develop new materials and...
annealing
The process of heating and slowly cooling a solid material, like glass or metal, to stabilize its thermal, electrical or...
photoelasticity
The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex...
evaporation coating
Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...
safelight
Filtered light to which photographic or other photosensitive materials are not responsive; used to illuminate darkrooms when...
intrinsic detector
A photodetector composed of a photoconductive material that, when exposed to radiation, conducts without the aid of added...
neutral density coating
A coating applied to a neutral density glass that is designed to reduce the amount of light evenly across the transmitted...
refractive index contrast
A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics...
dielectric
Exhibiting the characteristic of materials that are electrical insulators or in which an electric field can be sustained...
slab-dielectric waveguide
A waveguide with a rectangular cross section that is composed entirely of dielectric materials.
transparent electrophotographic (TEP) films
Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic...
spectrosensitometer
A sensitometer having a continuously controlled monochromator to measure spectral sensitivity and contrast of photographic...
flash photographic density filter
A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...
polymerization
Process of synthesizing long molecular chain materials (polymers) by reaction of many small molecules (usually thousands)...
mirror coating
One or more thin-film layers of optical material deposited on a mirror blank/substrate in order to enhance the way that...
guided wave
A wave in which energy is focused near a boundary separating materials having different properties. Propagation of the wave...
optical emission spectroscopy (OES)
In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...
(130 results found)
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