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Microscopy Images Photocurrent in Nanowire Detector Sep 1, 2005 — Using a near-field scanning optical microscope, researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have produced two-dimensional maps of the photocurrent in a metal/semiconductor/metal photodetector constructed from a single nanowire. The approach, called near-field scanning photocurrent microscopy, has potential applications in the study of nanowire-based devices, such as transistors, sensors and LEDs. The investigators produced N-type CdS nanowires, which they selected for the...
Photonics Spectra, Sep 2005
Microstructured Fiber: Out of the Lab and Put to Use Sep 1, 2005 — For almost 40 years, glass fibers have guided and transmitted light, providing optical solutions in many fields of technology. During the past decade, a new variety of optical fiber, microstructured fiber, has emerged from the laboratory and is...
Photonics Spectra, Sep 2005
Modified Mirror Reaction Metals Apertureless Probes Sep 1, 2005 — A research team from the University of Leeds in the UK, Riken research institute in Wako, Japan, and Peking University has demonstrated that a variant of the familiar mirror reaction can deposit silver on the tip of atomic force microscope (AFM)...
Photonics Spectra, Sep 2005
Free-Electron Lasers Come of Age Aug 1, 2005 — Free-electron lasers in 2005 are where airplanes were in 1925: well established as a useful new technology, but with enormous untapped potential — and lots of people seeking to tap it. As with other light sources, from tabletop lasers in university...
Photonics Spectra, Aug 2005
Laser Enables Resolution of Nanomagnet Flipping Aug 1, 2005 — At the University of California, Santa Cruz, researchers have demonstrated an optical method to watch nanomagnets flip. Optically tracking changes in the magnetization of the nanostructures could pay off in various ways, explained assistant...
Photonics Spectra, Aug 2005
Optical Microscopy Reveals Benefits of Strain for Spintronics Aug 1, 2005 — In experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, Scott A. Crooker and Darryl L.G. Smith have demonstrated that strain can be used to control the spin of electrons flowing in bulk GaAs. They monitored the effects of applied electrical,...
Photonics Spectra, Aug 2005
Photonic Instrumentation Aids Cosmetic Measurements Jul 1, 2005 — As with all manufacturers of colored products, cosmetics companies use specialized measuring instrumentation to assist in quality control. However, cosmetics present unique challenges: Lipsticks and foundation creams are difficult to measure with...
Photonics Spectra, Jul 2005
Polymer Microlenses Added to Micropixelated UV LED Jul 1, 2005 — Proposed applications of LEDs having micron-scale pixel elements include microdisplays and biological and chemical sensors. Now scientists at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK, have integrated a microlens array and a matrix-addressable,...
Photonics Spectra, Jul 2005
Understanding Lenses: Aplanats and Achromats Jul 1, 2005 — Optics terminology can be confusing, but it is critical to be fluent in the language when searching for and specifying optical components. This is especially true for multielement lenses, the two most basic of which are aplanats and...
Photonics Spectra, Jul 2005
Cooling Detectors to Improve Performance: A Look at Applications and Technologies Jun 1, 2005 — Thermally induced noise — called dark-current noise in CCDs and Johnson noise in x-ray and gamma-ray detectors — can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of a detector, impeding detection of weak signals. Cooling a detector reduces the leakage current,...
Photonics Spectra, Jun 2005
Freezing Time in 3-D Jun 1, 2005 — In microscopy, researchers strive for better resolution and faster data processing. Piezoelectric positioning devices, which have been used in some form for years, can help them meet these needs. When using a piezoelectric Z-axis positioning...
Photonics Spectra, Jun 2005
Near-IR Microscopy Images Nanotubes Jun 1, 2005 — A team of scientists at Rice University in Houston has reported that near-infrared fluorescence microscopy is suitable for the study of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Basic research into these structures, as well as the development of superior...
Photonics Spectra, Jun 2005
New Challenges for Microscope Positioning Jun 1, 2005 — The axiom “Specialization is a necessary consequence of ubiquity” holds more truth today than ever for microscope positioning and motorized stages. Applications such as live-cell studies, image tiling, virtual microscopy and time-lapse studies are...
Photonics Spectra, Jun 2005
Photosensitive Polymer Takes a Near-Field Picture Jun 1, 2005 — Near-field optical phenomena have attracted attention because they promise to enable finer resolution in microscopy than is otherwise possible. Consequently, the optical near-fields of nanostructures have been a subject of both theoretical and...
Photonics Spectra, Jun 2005
Annular Bragg Resonators: Beyond the Limits of Total Internal Reflection May 1, 2005 — Circular resonators are key ingredients in the realization of many basic components for advanced optical communications systems. During the past decade, their application in numerous circular-resonator-based components such as lasers, filters,1...
Photonics Spectra, May 2005
The Evolution of Diamond for Optical Component Finishing May 1, 2005 — Monocrystalline diamond abrasives, both natural and synthetic, are used widely in the lapping and polishing steps of optical component manufacturing, but inherent structural defects will limit their application in the fabrication of next-generation...
Photonics Spectra, May 2005
In-Fiber Light Powers Active Fiber Optical Components Apr 1, 2005 — Fiber optic devices such as fiber gratings are key components for optical sensing and communications applications. They offer several important advantages over other optical and electronic techniques, including low manufacturing costs, immunity to...
Photonics Spectra, Apr 2005
Controlling Spontaneous Emission with Photonic Crystals Mar 1, 2005 — Nearly two decades ago, photonic bandgap crystals were proposed as the ultimate means for controlling the propagation and emission of light.1,2 Since that time, research into photonic crystals has exploded, with much attention devoted to controlling...
Photonics Spectra, Mar 2005
Image Fiber Delivers Vision of the Future Mar 1, 2005 — For remote or semiflexible viewing systems, ultrathin image fiber delivers vision to previously inconceivable locations. Until recently, applications for this type of optical fiber have been in the medical industry, primarily in endoscopes. Because...
Photonics Spectra, Mar 2005
Software Speeds Measurement and Modeling of Air-Silica Photonic Crystals Mar 1, 2005 — Research into photonic crystals has been in vogue for some time, but real commercial use of these materials has yet to be demonstrated. The keys to their eventual success as a platform for integrated photonics lie in the exploration of new materials...
Photonics Spectra, Mar 2005
For Atomic Force Microscopy, the Beat Goes On Feb 1, 2005 — Researchers have found dynamic force microscopy, or atomic force microscopy (AFM), useful for tracing surfaces on an atomic scale. The technique even may be capable of following biological samples in real time as they twist and turn. The difficulty...
Photonics Spectra, Feb 2005
Miniature Deformable Mirrors Bring Adaptive Optics Within Reach Feb 1, 2005 — In 1953, astronomer Horace W. Babcock of California Institute of Technology in Pasadena proposed a method to compensate for atmospheric and figure aberrations in the optical path of telescopes. In his approach, a rotating knife edge placed in front...
Photonics Spectra, Feb 2005
Probe Brings Higher Throughput, Resolution to Near-Field Microscopy Feb 1, 2005 — A team at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, recently evaluated novel designs for near-field scanning optical microscope probes that provide both high throughput and high resolution. The results of the work suggest that...
Photonics Spectra, Feb 2005
Single-Chip Microsystem Cuts Atomic Force Microscopy Down to Size Feb 1, 2005 — Scanning relatively large samples with commercially available atomic force microscopes (AFM) often can be time-consuming because it is performed serially and because the scanning range is limited. Using lasers to detect cantilever deflection adds to...
Photonics Spectra, Feb 2005
Slower Growth Forecast for Optical Microscopes Feb 1, 2005 — You can’t fight physics. Despite the continued and great advances made in optical microscopy over the more than 300 years since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first presented his observations of bacteria in the Royal Society of England’s Philosophical...
Photonics Spectra, Feb 2005
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