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Optics Dictionary Terms

Rydberg atom
The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg orbital. A Rydberg atom is characterized by having an electron orbit that is much farther from the nucleus compared to the...
first-order optics
polariton
A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...
flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...
beam shaper
A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...
optical phase distortion
Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...
paraxial
Characteristic of optical analyses that are limited to infinitesimally small apertures. Also called first-order or Gaussian...
bubble chamber optics
Specially designed optics for the observation and photographing of hydrogen in a bubble chamber.
liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...
image jump
In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...
reactive evaporation
Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...
kinematic mount
A mount for an optic element or optics assembly, designed so that all six degrees of freedom are singly constrained. This...
injection molding
A method of producing high-quality plastic optics in large volumes by injecting the heated, liquified plastic at high...
divergence
1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...
radial gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the index varies in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis....
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
extreme ultraviolet
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....
bandwidth-limited operation
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the system bandwidth rather than the amplitude of the signal.
structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
leaky ray
In an optical waveguide, a ray for which geometric optics would predict total internal reflection at the core boundary, but...
momentum transfer
In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...
toric lens
A lens having one or more toric surfaces. A toric surface is one having a maximum power in one meridian and a minimum power...
phase mask
In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....
Geometrical optics
The area of optics in which the propagation of light is described by geometrical lines (or rays) governed by Fermat's...
dioptrics
The branch of optics that deals with the study of the refraction of light, particularly by the transmitting medium of the...
Fizeau fringes
Fizeau fringes are interference fringes observed in an interferometer, specifically in a Fizeau interferometer. The Fizeau...
diffractive lens
Any optical device that utilizes diffraction in an image-forming capability. Familiar diffractive lenses are zone plates,...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
soft coating
A term describing an antireflection coating that may be applied to optics that cannot tolerate the high temperatures usually...
whispering gallery mode
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...
aplanatic points
Aplanatic points refer to specific points in an optical system where certain aberrations, such as spherical aberration or...
optical
Pertaining to optics and the phenomena of light.
optical Fourier transform
The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...
visually coupled airborne systems simulator
A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in...
metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...
binary optics
Optical elements, often created by micromachining, lithography or vacuum deposition, that rely on diffraction of the...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
Gaussian beam optics
The area of optics that deals with the propagation of Gaussian laser beams in free space, or any general medium - i.e....
physical optics
The branch of science that treats light as a wave phenomenon wherein light propagation is studied by wavefronts rather than...
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...
geometric optics
A field of physics that deals with light as if it truly were composed of rays diverging in various directions from the...
optical table
An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...
refractive index contrast
A measure of the relative difference in refractive index between two optical materials. Most commonly used in fiber optics...
cold coating
A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating...
optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...
optical combiner
An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...
Judas optics
A small defocused Galilean telescope mounted in a hole in a door. Viewed from inside through the positive lens, a wide-angle...
atom optics
The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
buffer
1. In fiber optics, a protective material applied as an optical fiber cover that has no optical function. 2. In image...
laser tube
The device, usually made of glass or a similar material, that contains the resonant cavity and optics of a gas laser.
Fresnel reflection
Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
laser
A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...
grating beam splitter
A grating beam splitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...
fiber optics
The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides — or "light pipes" — to channel light from one...
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
infrared searchlight
An infrared source combined with reflecting projection optics to illuminate a target making it visible when observed through...
focal length
The focal length of a lens is the distance between the lens's optical center (or principal point) and the image sensor or...
thermograph
The instrument used to collect thermal radiation information on an object by scanning. It consists basically of a detector,...
replicated optics
Optical components, usually reflectors, produced using proprietary techniques that transfer the precision of a master to a...
optical gate
An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...
ultraviolet fiber optics
Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...
vacuum apparatus
Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...
equivalent wavelength
In surface height measurement of optics with steep slopes, the use of two short visible wavelengths to synthesize a longer,...
harmonic generation
Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...
optical noise
Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...
half bandwidth
The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...
matrix optics
transverse mode
In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...
optical sapphire
A material used in optics that differs from ruby only in the slight impurity that gives the material its color. Colorless...
surface
1. In optics, one of the exterior faces of an optical element. 2. The process of grinding or generating the face of an...
Laurent polarimeter
A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...
mode-locked lasers
Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...
endoscope
A medical instrument used to view inside the human body by inserting the instrument into a natural or created aperture. The...
aspheric lens
An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...
second-order nonlinear optical properties
Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...
solid optics
Optical elements arranged with no spaces between, so that the light travels only through glass, not air.
ultrafast laser
An ultrafast laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the order of...
near-field scanning
A measurement technique used to determine the spatial distribution profile of an electrical or optical quantity of interest...
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
dust extinction
In atmospheric optics, the almost total blocking of light transmission in the atmosphere due to the scattering and...
Matrix optics
The linear relationship between input and output optical fields for a given optical system or application that allows the...
micro-optics
Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....
acousto-optics
Discipline within optical physics that addresses sound vibration, phonon effects and their influencing behavior within...
physiological optics
The study of visual perception by the sense of sight.
phase-modulated sensor
A phase-modulated sensor is a type of sensor that uses modulation of the phase of a signal to measure changes in a physical...
polishing jig
In fiber optics, a device used to polish a biconic plug to a specified length and surface finish. Also called a polishing...
automatic profiling
In fiber optics, the use of a detector to study the range of refractive indices achieved at various wavelengths. This...
Dammann grating
A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...
coated optics
Optical elements that have been coated with one or more layers of dielectric, or metallic material. These coatings serve to...
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
integrated optics
A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...
pyramid error
Pyramid error in optics refers to an aberration in the shape of an optical surface, particularly in the context of mirrors....
mandrel
A shaft, spindle or any object generally passed through a workpiece to hold, support or shape a particular piece during its...
octave
In optics, an octave typically refers to a range of frequencies or wavelengths that spans a factor of 2. In other words,...
laser triangulation
A technique that uses a solid-state laser and a detector to determine an object's relative distance to the system. The laser...
spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...
fluence
Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....
photonics
The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...
beam optics
tissue optics
The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied,...
gradient-index profile
The term gradient-index profile refers to a specific type of refractive index distribution within an optical material. In...
electro-optics
1. The branch of physics that deals with the use of electrical energy to create or manipulate light waves, generally by...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
plastic optics
The integration of plastic materials into optical applications. When the materials are refined into lenses, prisms and...
microdisplay
A transmissive, reflective or emissive high-resolution display that typically measures 1 cm diagonally, and whose use...
high-density storage
Extensive data storage in the form of bits, with the use of high-resolution photographic materials and optics, and generally...
heterostructures
A method used in integrated optics; formed by growing an epitaxial layer of active material, removing it from its base and...
concave grating
A reflecting grating ruled on a concave spherical surface that not only disperses the light but focuses the spectrum. The...
meta-optics
Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...
nanoimprint lithography
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...
astronomical mirror
Generally, a mirror used instead of lenses in astronomical and space applications. It is not limited in size, does not...
scratch resistant coating
Thin layers intended to prevent damage to plastic optics.
q-switched operation
Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...
spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
plasmonics
Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...
nano
An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other...
cladding glass
In fiber optics, the glass that is found around the glass core of the fiber, and that has a lower refractive index than the...
hygroscopic
In fiber optics, a material whose properties, usually of transmission, are distinctly affected by the absorption of water...
x-ray optics
The study of the physics of x-rays, where the x-rays exhibit properties similar to those of lightwaves. Also called Roentgen...
quantum well
A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...
optogenetics
A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...
beam table
Laser light show effects equipment including optics and mechanical devices that reflect, position or distort the laser beam,...
laser pen
Device consisting of a laser diode, beam-correcting optics and collimating optics in a single housing. Also called a...
diverging lens
A diverging lens is a type of lens that causes parallel rays of light to spread out or diverge. It is thinner in the center...
collective lens
A convex or positive lens that serves to collect energy and direct it into subsequent system optics.
phase matching
Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...
rainbow hologram
Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image...
magnetorheological finishing
Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...
collector
A positive lens located at or close to an intermediate image plane. The collector refracts off-axis light bundles, directing...
figure
In optics, the geometrical form of an optical surface.
hard coating
Usually a dielectric coating on glass or plastic optics; a coating that is comparable in hardness to glass itself.
bellows
In optics, a collapsible structure situated between the lens and film of a camera to allow variation of the distance between...
achromat
An achromat, in the context of optics, refers to a type of lens or lens system designed to reduce chromatic aberration....
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
remote laser welding
A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using...
magnitude
In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...
light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Also known as single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), this process was designed for imaging of sensitive samples and...
phase screen
A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...
geometric image
The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be...
cladding mode
A mode that is confined by virtue of a lower-index medium surrounding the cladding. Cladding modes, in the terminology of...
fiberless optics
spherical gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the refractive index varies symmetrically about a point.
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
electron optics
The control of free electron movement through the use of electrical or magnetic fields, and use of this electron movement in...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
Schlieren optics
An optical system that records inhomogeneities within a medium by detecting the energy refracted by that portion of the...
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
convergence
1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...
Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...
optics of material
The area of optics that deals with the interaction of light with a given material. The optical properties of material are...
incoherent
In optics, the term denoting the lack of a fixed phase relationship between two waves. If two incoherent waves are...
refracting sphere
A transparent sphere that has an index of refraction that is different from that of the medium surrounding it; used in...
axial gradient
In gradient index optics, a gradient profile in which the refractive index varies along the direction of light propagation,...
metalens
A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...
wave optics
Also referred to as physical optics - the area of optics in which the wave nature of light is essential when defining its...
normalized frequency
Also referred to as the V number in fiber optics; the normalized frequency is a dimensionless quantity, denoted by the...
frequency comb
A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
cleaning equipment
In optics, degreasers or ultrasonic arrangements used for removing pitch, cement or polishing material from lenses during...
dispersion
Dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different wavelengths (colors) of light travel at different speeds when passing...
chalcogenide
Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...
angular spectrum approach
The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...
laser guide star
An artificial star used to aid in adaptive optics imaging of the sky. The guide star is provided from a telescope system on...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
infrared scanner
An optical system used to collect infrared energy from a scene using scanning optics with a point or line detector, as...
phase
In optics and photonics, "phase" refers to a property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the position...
Mie scattering
Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...
diffraction grating
A glass substrate carrying a layer of deposited aluminum that has been pressure-ruled with a large number of fine...
intensified vidicon
A standard direct-readout vidicon tube linked by fiber optics to an intensifier for increased sensitivity.
transmission
In optics, the conduction of radiant energy through a medium. Often denotes the percentage of energy passing through an...
cutoff wavelength
1. In detector technology, the long wavelength at which detector response falls to a set percentage (usually 20 or 50...
covered groove
A technique used in integrated optics where a groove is cut on a substrate surface and covered by a thin film to facilitate...
head-up display
An optical system that superimposes a synthetic display providing navigational or weapon-aiming information on a pilot's or...
active optics
Technology that corrects the shape of reflective optics; primarily applied in large telescope systems, in order to...
ion-beam sputtering
Ion beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...
massive optics
Optical components exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The components are usually glass, acrylic or polystyrene and are used for...
modulation
In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which...
adapter
1. In optics, the housing, usually cylindrical, that contains the lenses and iris diaphragm of a camera. 2. In fiber optics,...
emergent ray
In optics, the light ray leaving a medium in contrast to the entering or incident ray.
adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of...
pressurization
Injecting a gas (usually nitrogen) with a very low moisture content into the body of an optical instrument to create a...
spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...
tangent ogive
In optics, a shape often given to the leading edge of a projectile. In any side view it appears as a pointed arc, while any...
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
quantum optics
The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...
high-performance parallel interface
A very high bandwidth communication line often used in fiber optics.
stimulated Brillouin scattering
In Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), an incident photon (usually laser light) interacts with acoustic phonons in a...
Gaussian optics
1. That branch of optics that illustrates the theory in which q is substituted for sin q in Snell's law. Effective results...
attenuation-limited power
In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the amplitude of a received signal rather than distortion.
diffractive optics
Optical elements that use diffraction to control wavefronts. Diffractive optical elements include diffraction gratings,...
photoelastic
In optics, the double refraction that is produced when stress is applied to a transparent material. Plastics, which are...
exposure
In optics, the total radiant energy incident on a surface-per-unit area. It is equal to the integral over time of the...
image optics
Any form of lens, optical system (camera, telescope, microscope, etc.), or opto-electronics utilized for the purpose of...
neutralization
In optics, the process of combining two lenses having equal and opposite powers to produce a result having no power.
minimum spot size
The smallest linear diameter to which a laser or other beam of radiant energy is capable of being focused, depending on the...
micro ion milling
Process developed for the production of high-resolution patterns in electro- and magneto-optics. These high-generation...
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
magneto-optics
Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...
dichroism
Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...
lambertian source plane
In optics, a plane that emits a flux proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal; dense opal glass is an example.
micro-optic gyroscope
A thin-film device that integrates optics and electronics on a single chip to provide a passive-ring resonator gyroscope...
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
nanopositioning
Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...
scanner
1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...
breakout cable
A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual...
meteorological optics
object
The figure seen through or imaged by an optical system. It may contain structures, natural or artificial, or it may be the...
crystal optics
The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
optical encoder
A device designed to measure linear or rotary motion by detection of the movement of markings on a transparent medium past a...
solar furnace
An optical system that is designed to produce a high temperature in a specified area by the optical direction and...
image
In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is...
strain
In optics, the mechanical tension, compression or shear in optical glass due to internal stress caused by improper cooling...
long-pass filter
A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...
multi-axis alignment
Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...
mode beating
In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...
atmospheric optics
The analysis of the properties of radiation, such as light, when acted upon by variations in the atmosphere. Blue and red...
transposition
In optics, the changing of the relative curves of a lens without changing its refractive value.
static beam shaping
A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...
resolution
1. In optics, the ability of a lens system to reproduce the points, lines and surfaces in an object as separate entities in...
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
cold atom
Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...
paraboloidal mirror
A concave mirror that has the form of a paraboloid of revolution. The paraboloidal mirror may have only a portion of a...
space-division multiplex
In fiber optics, the condition in which each fiber of a bundle carries a separate channel.
delta error
The term delta error (delta-E) generally refers to the difference or change in error between two values or states. The word...
laser pointer
Handheld optical laser device containing a semiconductor or DPSS source. The output is corrected via internal collimating...
light pattern
In optics, a pattern, such as the Buchmann-Meyer pattern, that may be viewed when the record surface is illuminated by a...
fresnel
A unit of frequency equivalent to 1012 cps. Named for Augustin Jean Fresnel, a French physicist known for his work in light...
optofluidics
Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...
attenuation
Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...
dissonance
In optics, the production of maxima and minima by the superimposition of two sets of interference fringes from light of two...
vapor-phase axial deposition
A process by which high-quality fiber optics are made. See axial vapor-phase deposition.
tolerance field
In fiber optics, the annular region between two concentric circles; used to specify fiber cladding and core sizes.

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