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SPECTROSCOPY DICTIONARY TERMS

flame emission spectroscopyA technique in photometry that uses an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene flame to optically excite a solution containing the...

photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...

ghost1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With...

velocity modulation laser spectroscopyA method of measuring negatively charged phase ions using a color-center or lead-salt diode laser.

laser spark spectroscopy (LASS)A method of analysis in which a pulsed laser beam is used to heat a particle, producing a plasma, or laser spark. As the...

near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetryA monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...

electromodulation spectroscopyA type of modulation spectroscopy that measures spectral reflectance or transmittance changes induced by applying a...

phosphorescence spectroscopyThe spectroscopic study of the radiation emitted by the lifetime of phosphorescence.

mask spectrometerInstrument that uses absorption spectroscopy to detect gases in planetary atmospheres. Dispersed incoming radiation is...

Laser-induced fluorescence, dispersed spectroscopyA combination of pump-probe technique with a dispersement measurement. Vibrational transitions near the ground state may be...

single-molecule spectroscopyAn advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

hyperspectral imagingMethods for identifying and mapping materials through spectroscopic remote sensing. Also called imaging spectroscopy;...

Raman fiber probeA flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman...

magnetic rotation spectroscopyTechnique in which the polarization rotation of light, and its relationship to the magnetic field strength can be analyzed...

Nernst glowerImportant in the field of spectroscopy, the Nernst glower is a solid-body radiator that is made up of a filament of...

dynamic light scattering spectroscopy

laser pumpA source of energy that produces needed excitation for population inversion in laser operation. The excitation source that...

absorption spectroscopyExperimental method of measuring the transmission of a given sample as a function of the wavelength.

tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

dynamic spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...

electroreflectance spectroscopyA type of electromodulation that measures changes in spectral reflectance.

flash spectroscopyThe study and interpretation of the spectra of substances after they have absorbed the radiant energy emitted by a brief,...

nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopyA chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

Fabry-Perot spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using a monochannel spectrometer, spectrograph or multichannel...

flame spectroscopyThe study of flames by means of a laser emitting blue light and a spectrometer to measure the green fluorescence created by...

spectroscopic light sourceA discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

radiation thermocoupleA thermocouple that is used in infrared spectroscopy to detect a sample's infrared emittance. See thermocouple.

swept-source laserA type of laser in which the output wavelength is adjustable over a wide range of wavelengths. The laser is focused on a...

electric dichroism spectroscopyThe use of a krypton laser system for the measurement of small molecules aligned by an electric field, by analyzing the...

fluorescence correlation spectroscopyA powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...

long-path absorption spectroscopyThe method that, by measuring the absorption along an atmospheric path at wavelengths ranging from two to a continuum, can...

magnetic resonance spectroscopyA method of studying the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules (typically living tissue and chemical...

cryospectroscopyThe spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...

nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopyThat branch of spectroscopy that applies to the study of interactions between energy and atomic nuclei. The simultaneous...

molecular spectroscopySpectrum analysis concerned with the spectra formed by transitions in molecules.

laser absorption spectroscopyAn experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and...

single-photon-decay spectroscopyA technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

microprobeAn instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...

Rowland ghostsIn spectroscopy, the false images arranged symmetrically on both sides of the true line and caused by irregularities in the...

diffraction spectrumIn spectroscopy, the parallel bands that vary in lightness and darkness or color, and that are formed when light is...

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)The energy analysis of electrons released in a secondary step following initial excitation or ionization.

picosecond spectroscopyA method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

fluorescence spectroscopyThe spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by the process of fluorescence.

plasma-coupled device (PCD)Monolithic self-scanning linear image sensor array for multichannel spectroscopy with a spectral range of from 200 to 1000...

resonance ionization spectroscopyA type of ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy that can detect quantities as small as a single atom of some substances and that...

Raman spectroscopyThat branch of spectroscopy concerned with Raman spectra and used to provide a means of studying pure rotational, pure...

multianode microchannel array detectorA photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

self-absorptionIn optical emission spectroscopy, the reduction in radiant power in the central portion of spectral lines arising from the...

isotopically selected laser spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)The analysis of fluorescence emitted by discrete atoms, in flames, that have absorbed radiation from an external source. It...

emission spectroscopyA study of the energies and wavelengths of radiation emitted by atoms and molecules when particular physical conditions are...

photoconductive antennaPhotoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

light-beating spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of optical line shapes and frequency shifts, using the technique of light beating; i.e., the...

fiber-linked array image formatter (FLAIR)A wide-field multiobject spectroscopy system used in astronomy, in which a bundle of low-loss optical fibers positioned on...

direct-line fluorescenceWith respect to atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence that is emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a...

Mossbauer effect spectroscopySpectroscopy characterized by the Mossbauer effect - recoilless emission and absorption of nuclear gamma radiation- which...

surface analysis by laser ionization(SALI) A type of spectroscopy in which neutral atoms or molecules are ionized by an excimer laser beam and then measured by...

electron spectroscopyThe theory and interpretation of spectra produced by the electron emissions of substances after their irradiation by x-rays.

circular dichroism spectroscopyA type of spectroscopy used extensively in the analysis of biological samples. Because most biologically synthesized...

resonance fluorescenceIn atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a wavelength identical to that of...

residual gas analysisA measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...

absorption peakIn the field of spectroscopy, the frequency or wavelength of a given sample which exhibits the maximum or the highest...

electro-optic Fabry-Perot spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using an electronic imaging tube with a Fabry-Perot interferometer to...

infrared spectroscopyThe measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...

laser-excited Shpol'skii spectroscopyA type of fluorescence spectroscopy in which an excimer laser, a dye laser and a frequency-doubling device are used to...

spectrographic electrodeThe hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to...

astronomical spectroscopyThe process of using a spectrograph with a telescope to acquire information on an astronomical object's speed and physical...

laser spectroscopyThat part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopyThe analysis of the atomic structure of a sample by means of a source radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the sample...

photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...

ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopyA technique for measuring the energy spectrum of electrons emitted during the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. This...

low-temperature spectroscopyThe analysis of structural and molecular dynamics caused by low temperature.

vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopyA method of spectral analysis using wavelengths between 100 and 300 nm that utilizes both emission and absorption techniques.

optical densityA measure of the transmittance through an optical medium. Optical density equals the log to the base 10 of the reciprocal of...

spectroscopyThe branch of science dealing with the theory and interpretation of spectra.

null processCommonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors...

optical emission spectroscopy (OES)In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

photon burst detection of fluorescenceA type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

quantum cascade laserA Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the...

photodischarge spectroscopy (PDS)A spectroscopic process that detects and analyzes the discharge from an extrinsic surface with less than bandgap light. This...

fluctuation spectroscopy (flusy)A technique developed to measure the molecular weight of macromolecules by analyzing the spontaneous fluctuations that occur...

laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS)A pump-probe technique whereby a single wavelength source may be used in order to excite a given sample to determine...

x-ray microprobe analysisThe method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning...

modulation spectroscopyA method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The...

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