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SPECTROSCOPY DICTIONARY TERMS

mask spectrometerInstrument that uses absorption spectroscopy to detect gases in planetary atmospheres. Dispersed incoming radiation is...

modulation spectroscopyA method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The...

Raman spectroscopyThat branch of spectroscopy concerned with Raman spectra and used to provide a means of studying pure rotational, pure...

flame spectroscopyThe study of flames by means of a laser emitting blue light and a spectrometer to measure the green fluorescence created by...

resonance fluorescenceIn atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a wavelength identical to that of...

direct-line fluorescenceWith respect to atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence that is emitted by an atom at a spectral line of a...

isotopically selected laser spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

Fabry-Perot spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using a monochannel spectrometer, spectrograph or multichannel...

picosecond spectroscopyA method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

diffraction spectrumIn spectroscopy, the parallel bands that vary in lightness and darkness or color, and that are formed when light is...

quantum cascade laserA Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the...

Raman fiber probeA flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman...

nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopyThat branch of spectroscopy that applies to the study of interactions between energy and atomic nuclei. The simultaneous...

atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)The analysis of fluorescence emitted by discrete atoms, in flames, that have absorbed radiation from an external source. It...

surface analysis by laser ionization(SALI) A type of spectroscopy in which neutral atoms or molecules are ionized by an excimer laser beam and then measured by...

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)The energy analysis of electrons released in a secondary step following initial excitation or ionization.

ghost1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With...

photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS)A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...

fluctuation spectroscopy (flusy)A technique developed to measure the molecular weight of macromolecules by analyzing the spontaneous fluctuations that occur...

Mossbauer effect spectroscopySpectroscopy characterized by the Mossbauer effect - recoilless emission and absorption of nuclear gamma radiation- which...

fluorescence spectroscopyThe spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by the process of fluorescence.

fluorescence correlation spectroscopyA powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...

electric dichroism spectroscopyThe use of a krypton laser system for the measurement of small molecules aligned by an electric field, by analyzing the...

resonance ionization spectroscopyA type of ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy that can detect quantities as small as a single atom of some substances and that...

multianode microchannel array detectorA photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

dynamic spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...

cryospectroscopyThe spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...

null processCommonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors...

vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopyA method of spectral analysis using wavelengths between 100 and 300 nm that utilizes both emission and absorption techniques.

nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopyA chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopyA spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

electroreflectance spectroscopyA type of electromodulation that measures changes in spectral reflectance.

electron spectroscopyThe theory and interpretation of spectra produced by the electron emissions of substances after their irradiation by x-rays.

molecular spectroscopySpectrum analysis concerned with the spectra formed by transitions in molecules.

fiber-linked array image formatter (FLAIR)A wide-field multiobject spectroscopy system used in astronomy, in which a bundle of low-loss optical fibers positioned on...

radiation thermocoupleA thermocouple that is used in infrared spectroscopy to detect a sample's infrared emittance. See thermocouple.

dynamic light scattering spectroscopy

light-beating spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of optical line shapes and frequency shifts, using the technique of light beating; i.e., the...

photon burst detection of fluorescenceA type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

Laser-induced fluorescence, dispersed spectroscopyA combination of pump-probe technique with a dispersement measurement. Vibrational transitions near the ground state may be...

optical densityA measure of the transmittance through an optical medium. Optical density equals the log to the base 10 of the reciprocal of...

hyperspectral imagingMethods for identifying and mapping materials through spectroscopic remote sensing. Also called imaging spectroscopy;...

spectroscopic light sourceA discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

magnetic rotation spectroscopyTechnique in which the polarization rotation of light, and its relationship to the magnetic field strength can be analyzed...

infrared spectroscopyThe measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...

laser spectroscopyThat part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

emission spectroscopyA study of the energies and wavelengths of radiation emitted by atoms and molecules when particular physical conditions are...

long-path absorption spectroscopyThe method that, by measuring the absorption along an atmospheric path at wavelengths ranging from two to a continuum, can...

single-photon-decay spectroscopyA technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...

circular dichroism spectroscopyA type of spectroscopy used extensively in the analysis of biological samples. Because most biologically synthesized...

laser pumpA source of energy that produces needed excitation for population inversion in laser operation. The excitation source that...

photoconductive antennaPhotoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

residual gas analysisA measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...

self-absorptionIn optical emission spectroscopy, the reduction in radiant power in the central portion of spectral lines arising from the...

photodischarge spectroscopy (PDS)A spectroscopic process that detects and analyzes the discharge from an extrinsic surface with less than bandgap light. This...

absorption spectroscopyExperimental method of measuring the transmission of a given sample as a function of the wavelength.

flame emission spectroscopyA technique in photometry that uses an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene flame to optically excite a solution containing the...

electro-optic Fabry-Perot spectroscopyThe spectroscopic analysis of interference patterns using an electronic imaging tube with a Fabry-Perot interferometer to...

spectroscopyThe branch of science dealing with the theory and interpretation of spectra.

ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopyA technique for measuring the energy spectrum of electrons emitted during the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. This...

velocity modulation laser spectroscopyA method of measuring negatively charged phase ions using a color-center or lead-salt diode laser.

optical emission spectroscopy (OES)In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

microprobeAn instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...

magnetic resonance spectroscopyA method of studying the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules (typically living tissue and chemical...

single-molecule spectroscopyAn advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...

laser spark spectroscopy (LASS)A method of analysis in which a pulsed laser beam is used to heat a particle, producing a plasma, or laser spark. As the...

atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopyThe analysis of the atomic structure of a sample by means of a source radiation that is absorbed and emitted by the sample...

flash spectroscopyThe study and interpretation of the spectra of substances after they have absorbed the radiant energy emitted by a brief,...

electromodulation spectroscopyA type of modulation spectroscopy that measures spectral reflectance or transmittance changes induced by applying a...

Rowland ghostsIn spectroscopy, the false images arranged symmetrically on both sides of the true line and caused by irregularities in the...

laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS)A pump-probe technique whereby a single wavelength source may be used in order to excite a given sample to determine...

spectrographic electrodeThe hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to...

low-temperature spectroscopyThe analysis of structural and molecular dynamics caused by low temperature.

Nernst glowerImportant in the field of spectroscopy, the Nernst glower is a solid-body radiator that is made up of a filament of...

phosphorescence spectroscopyThe spectroscopic study of the radiation emitted by the lifetime of phosphorescence.

laser-excited Shpol'skii spectroscopyA type of fluorescence spectroscopy in which an excimer laser, a dye laser and a frequency-doubling device are used to...

absorption peakIn the field of spectroscopy, the frequency or wavelength of a given sample which exhibits the maximum or the highest...

plasma-coupled device (PCD)Monolithic self-scanning linear image sensor array for multichannel spectroscopy with a spectral range of from 200 to 1000...

near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetryA monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...

swept-source laserA type of laser in which the output wavelength is adjustable over a wide range of wavelengths. The laser is focused on a...

astronomical spectroscopyThe process of using a spectrograph with a telescope to acquire information on an astronomical object's speed and physical...

laser absorption spectroscopyAn experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and...

x-ray microprobe analysisThe method of acquiring characteristic x-ray spectra from microscopic samples by use of the combination of a scanning...

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