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crystals Dictionary Terms

Lyot filter
A type of filter consisting of a series of birefringent crystals and polarizers invented by French astronomer Bernard Lyot...
holmium laser
Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...
crystallography
The analysis of the atomic structures within crystals by means of x-ray diffraction.
formate
A salt of formic acid that can be used to enhance the photosensitivity of silver halide crystals.
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
crystal optics
The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...
diamond turning
Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...
dichroscope
A device used to investigate the dichroism of crystals.
seed
1. In glass, a solid inclusion having a small diameter. 2. A particular, single crystal that, after undergoing the...
polarizing filter
A filter that polarizes light passing through it. It is possible to fabricate sheets of plastic or gelatin that contain...
covalent crystal
A crystal formed by covalent bonds that are generally highly directional by nature. The electric characteristics of these...
crystallized glass
Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...
phase conjugation
The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...
Weissenberg method
The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...
negative dielectric anisotropy
State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...
Babinet absorption rule
The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...
biaxial crystal
A birefringent crystal having two axes along which there is an absence of double refraction. Mica, sulphur and turquoise are...
tetragonal
With respect to crystals, having three mutually rectangular axes, only two of which are equal.
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
lattice
In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...
negative crystal
A uniaxial, birefringent crystal such as calcite or ruby in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of...
sapphire
Sapphire can refer to either a gemstone or a specific type of crystalline material commonly used in various industrial...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
QLED stands for quantum dot light-emitting diode. QLED is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
flux growth
A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...
isogyric curves
With respect to the effect of crystals on lightwaves, the family of curves having constant direction of polarization.
accelerometer
An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
calcite
A doubly refracting mineral used to produce polarizing prisms. It is uniaxial negative and in the trigonal division of the...
photoelectron holography
A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
crystal
A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...
pleochroism
The property exhibited by certain birefringent crystals in which the degree with which they transmit polarized light is...
harmonic generation
Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...
dichroism
Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...
twin crystal
A compound crystal having two or more crystals or crystal sections that, when regularly positioned, are in reverse position...
ferroelectricity
The phenomenon whereby certain crystals exhibit spontaneous electric polarization. It is analogous with ferromagnetism.
retarder cell
A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...
infrared absorption
Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...
epitaxy
A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...
sheet polarizer
A sheet of plastic material containing microscopic crystals of herapathite or some other similar substance that transmits...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
PCSEL stands for "photonic crystal surface-emitting laser." It refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
calcium tungstate
White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.
vanadate laser
Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
second-harmonic generation
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...
twinning
A defect of natural quartz crystals in which both the right and left quartz are in the same crystal.
second-order nonlinear optical properties
Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...
anisotropic
Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...
fused quartz and silica
Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...
polarimetric analysis
The determination of a substance's identity or quantity through the analysis of its optical rotation. For example, the...
emulsion
In photography, the layer of light-sensitive material (usually a suspension of silver halide crystals) that coats the film...
nonlinear optical materials
Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...
dynamic theory
The theoretical explanation and analysis of the interactions between electron waves and crystals used in studying electron...
acute bisectrix
In biaxial crystals, the principal angle that bisects the smaller angle between the optic axes.
cesium chloride
Colorless crystals used in photoelectric cells and for photosensitive material in cathodes.
electroholography
A technology that uses electrically activated holograms stored within specially developed crystals to route information in...
crystal diamagnetism
The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
metallorganic chemical vapor deposition
A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...
immersion liquid
Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses,...
dichroic polarizer
A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...

(70 results found)

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