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Masters of Light Garner Nobel

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STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Oct. 6, 2009 -- Three “masters of light” considered the fathers of fiber optics and digital imaging were honored today with the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Charles K. Kao received half of the $1.4 million prize for his discovery that led to a breakthrough in fiber optics. As early as the 1920s scientists were researching how to guide light through glass fibers for image transmission, with the motivation being medicine (gastroscope), defense (flexible periscope, image scrambler) and even early television. The problem was that the glass fibers available were...Read full article

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    Published: October 2009
    Glossary
    astronomy
    The scientific observation of celestial radiation that has reached the vicinity of Earth, and the interpretation of these observations to determine the characteristics of the extraterrestrial bodies and phenomena that have emitted the radiation.
    glass
    A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or phosphoric oxides. Common window or bottle glass is a mixture of soda, lime and sand, melted and cast, rolled or blown to shape. Most glasses are transparent in the visible spectrum and up to about 2.5 µm in the infrared, but some are opaque such as natural obsidian; these are, nevertheless, useful as mirror blanks. Traces of some elements such as cobalt, copper and...
    nano
    An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other structures and particles on the nanometer scale. Nano-optics (also referred to as nanophotonics), for example, is the study of how light and light-matter interactions behave on the nanometer scale. See nanophotonics.
    photonics
    The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The science includes light emission, transmission, deflection, amplification and detection by optical components and instruments, lasers and other light sources, fiber optics, electro-optical instrumentation, related hardware and electronics, and sophisticated systems. The range of applications of photonics extends from energy generation to detection to communications and...
    sensor
    1. A generic term for detector. 2. A complete optical/mechanical/electronic system that contains some form of radiation detector.
    telescope
    An afocal optical device made up of lenses or mirrors, usually with a magnification greater than unity, that renders distant objects more distinct, by enlarging their images on the retina.
    video
    Referring to the bandwidth and spectrum location of the signal produced by television or radar scanning.
    Albert EinsteinastronomyBasic ScienceBell LabsBusinesscamerasCCDcell phoneCharles KaoCMOSCommunicationsCorningdefensedigital imagingfiber opticsGeorge SmithglassHubbleimagesImagingmedicalmegapixelnanonetworksNews & FeaturesNobel Prize in physicsOpticsphotocellphotoelectricphotographyphotonicsResearch & TechnologyRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencessensorSensors & DetectorssilicontelescopetelevisionVideoWillard BoyleLasers

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