Kirk Schanze, the Robert A. Welch distinguished university chair in chemistry at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), has received a $448,211 grant from the National Science Foundation to support his research in converting sunlight to chemical energy. The Schanze Research Group at UTSA is focused on the interaction of light with molecules, polymers and materials. Currently, Schanze and his students are centering their work on light emission and how converting light into energy could be used in applications like solar cells and fuels. "We make new light absorbing molecules and polymers and then we characterize what happens to their molecular structure when the absorb light," Schanze said. "We want to understand how fast the light is absorbed and what happens directly afterward because that tells us something about how the energy is being used and where it goes." He and his students are modeling their artificial light conversion on natural photosynthesis. When plants convert sunlight into energy to feed themselves, charge transfer separates positive and negative electron charges on the molecules. In essence, charge transfer is the step when light energy is converted into stored chemical energy. With this new grant, Schanze will look deeper into this process. The group hopes to find molecules or a polymer which optimize the light to chemical energy conversion process. "We make artificial systems in our synthesis work and they undergo similar types of processes to what happens in plant photosynthesis," he said. "We're working on trying to understand those mechanisms and mimic the kind of conversions that are happening in nature." The end goal for Schanze is knowledge, so that other researchers are able to build upon his work and eventually develop solar fuel. "Without this important step, we'll never accomplish the goal of making efficient artificial photosynthesis, which is very important for mankind," he said. Down the road, Schanze predicts solar fuel could be a large part of the energy future of the U.S. and the world. "We need to create pathways toward the production of energy and fuels in ways that are carbon-neutral and independent of the needs of nonrenewable resources," he said. "Everything we're doing here is in service to one day accomplishing that goal."