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Space-Based Remote Sensing Yielding New Insights into Climate Change

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Planned missions from NOAA, NASA and the European Space Agency will include next-generation multispectral imagers, IR sensors and lidar to gather data on aerosols, clouds, volcanic emissions and sea ice.

MICHAEL D. WHEELER, MANAGING EDITOR, [email protected]

From tracking ash plumes from volcanic eruptions to measuring water vapor, multispectral imagers, IR sensors and lidar systems in space are yielding critical data leading to better forecasting models and long-term insights into global climate change. In the past decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), along with their international partners, have embarked on a number of critical missions that are helping answer the questions about how clouds and aerosols form, evolve, and affect water supply, climate and...Read full article

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    Published: March 2016
    Glossary
    lidar
    Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and generate precise, three-dimensional information about the shape and characteristics of objects and surfaces. Lidar systems typically consist of a laser scanner, a GPS receiver, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), all integrated into a single system. Here is how lidar works: Laser emission: A laser emits laser pulses, often in the form of rapid and repetitive laser...
    multispectral imaging
    Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike hyperspectral imaging, which acquires data across a continuous range of wavelengths, multispectral imaging is characterized by capturing information at several specific, predefined bands. This allows for the extraction of spectral signatures and information from different parts of the spectrum. Key aspects of multispectral imaging...
    remote sensing
    Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on Earth's surface is gathered from a distance, typically using sensors onboard satellites, aircraft, drones, or other platforms. This technique enables the monitoring and analysis of Earth's surface and atmosphere without direct physical contact. Remote sensing systems capture electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light, infrared, microwave, or radio waves) reflected or...
    hyperspectral imaging
    Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike traditional imaging systems that record only a few spectral bands (such as red, green, and blue in visible light), hyperspectral imaging collects data in numerous contiguous bands, covering a wide range of wavelengths. This extended spectral coverage enables detailed analysis and characterization of materials based on their spectral signatures. Key...
    CCDNOAANASAJAXAESADoppler lidarwind lidarVIIRSGOES-Rlidarmultispectral imagingLockheed Martinremote sensingspaceADM-AeolousEarthCARECALIPSONd:YAGcross-track infrared sounderIRABIhyperspectral imagingImagingLasersWestern HemisphereEuropeRaytheonFeatures

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