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Photonics Dictionary

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PIC

photonic integrated circuit

picking

The process whereby pitch is broken and the lenses or blanks are removed from the block.

pico (p)

In the SI system, prefix meaning 10-12.

picosecond continuum

A broadband, visible picosecond probe pulse capable of measuring an entire absorption spectrum in one shot.

picosecond pulse

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers, such as the organic dye and ruby lasers. Picosecond pulses are used in the...

picosecond spectroscopy

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light generated by a combination of argon-ion and dye lasers.

picture element -> pixel

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a fundamental unit that represents a single point in a raster image, which is a grid of...

picture monitor

A kinescope used to survey the details of television video transmission.

picture tube

A term referring to the cathode-ray tube used in television receivers.

anisotropic

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different directions. In other words, the physical or mechanical characteristics of...

dichroscopic eyepiece

An eyepiece used in a polariscope or polarizing microscope to give a comparison view of the same object under illumination by the two complementary rays of polarized light.

endoscopic photography

The photographing of objects within generally inaccessible areas using endoscopes with camera attachments.

enhanced picture archiving and communication system display

Enhanced picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display (ePAD) is a software tool used in medical imaging to view, manipulate, and analyze radiological images, such as x-rays, CT scans,...

fluoroscopic image intensifier

A form of image intensifier designed to amplify a weak fluoroscopic image. The image is received at an input phosphor screen, as opposed to the light-sensitive electrode emitter used in regular image...

gyroscopic camera mount

A mount that uses a floating suspension and a motor-driven gyroscope to keep a motion picture or still camera at a set angle even though the camera is mounted in a place that subjects it to heavy...

homeotropic orientation

The perpendicular orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode plates.

hydroscopic

Designed to observe objects below the surface of water. Not to be confused with hygroscopic.

hygroscopic

In fiber optics, a material whose properties, usually of transmission, are distinctly affected by the absorption of water vapor.

isotopically selected laser spectroscopy

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The isotopic species may then be measured using a time of flight mass spectrometer....

isotropic

That property of a material that determines that velocity of propagation within the material is the same for all directions.

Lippich prism

A small half-shade analyzer placed in the eyepiece of a polarimeter to determine the character of the polarized light emitted by the instrument. It consists of a Nicol prism situated so that it...

macroscopic

Sizable enough to be perceived by the unaided eye.

mesopic vision

Vision at intermediate levels of luminance between photopic and scotopic vision, where both retinal cones and retinal rods are stimulated for visual use in dim, low light situations. See also...

microscopic

Characteristic of an object so small in size or so fine in structure that it cannot be seen by the unaided eye. A microscopic object may be rendered visible when examined under a microscope.

motion picture camera

A camera equipped with a lens and a long length of perforated film, the latter being moved intermittently between exposures by a pulldown claw or sprocket. A rotating shutter serves to cut off the...

negative stereoscopic image

When a stereo pair of images is switched so that the right eye sees the left image and the left eye the right, the stereo image perceived will be reversed in terms of relative object depth.

optically isotropic crystal

A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such that all light rays behave the same in all directions of propagation and...

orthoscopic

Corrected for distortion.

orthoscopic eyepiece

A telescopic eyepiece that produces a field of view between 40° and 50°. The eyepiece consists of a single element eyelens that is normally plano convex, and a cemented triplet that is...

orthotropic

Having a longer axis that is relatively vertical.

periscopic lens

Two simple meniscus lenses arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, providing reduced coma, lateral color and distortion.

photopic vision

Vision by means of retinal cones; color vision. Relatively high levels of luminance are required for photopic vision.

pseudoscopic image

An image that is reversed contour or inside-out.

scotopic vision

Vision by means of retinal rods; vision of the dark-adapted eye. In scotopic vision, the level of luminance is so low that the retinal cones are not stimulated, and there is no color vision.

spectroscopic binaries

Two stars so close together that they cannot be resolved by telescopes. They are proved to be double stars by the doubling of their spectral lines.

spectroscopic flash

The light flash, produced in flash photolysis, that is triggered within a second discharge tube by the third electrode. It is to be differentiated from the photolysis flash which is triggered within...

spectroscopic light source

A discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

spicule

A feature in the chromosphere of the sun formed by a jet of gas that reaches from the chromosphere into the corona and has the appearance of a brightly luminous spike.

stereoscopic distortion

An exaggerated depth appearance in stereo photographs caused by the lenses in the camera being farther apart than the eyes of the viewer.

stereoscopic photography

The photographing of a scene from positions corresponding to the locations of both eyes. A viewing device is used to present one picture to each eye for fusion of the retinal images, giving a...

stereoscopic radius

The maximum distance at which the stereoscopic effect may be observed. With respect to the unaided human eye, it has been estimated at about 1500 ft.

stereoscopic rangefinder

A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field, together forming an apparent point in space. When one dot is moved...

stereoscopic television

A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.

stereoscopic vision

Vision in depth of three dimensions as a result of the spacing of the eyes. This spacing allows the eyes to see objects from slightly different points of view.

stroboscopic interferometry

A pulsed interferometer that permits the continuous quantitative mapping of the surface deformation of an adaptive optical element (e.g., a deformable mirror) and provides the capability for...

stroboscopic light source

An electronic flash tube capable of repeated operation at hundreds or thousands of flashes per second for long periods.

telescopic sight -> riflescope

A small erect-image telescope for use as a sighting device on a rifle. The chief requirement is a long eye relief to avoid damage to the eye due to recoil. The power may lie anywhere between 1 and...

foveal vision -> photopic vision

Vision by means of retinal cones; color vision. Relatively high levels of luminance are required for photopic vision.

photolysis flash -> spectroscopic flash

photonic integrated circuit

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and functions on a single chip, similar to the way electronic integrated circuits...

Photonics Dictionary