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Photonics Dictionary: R

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radiometer

A device used to measure the intensity of radiant energy.

radiopaque

Incapable of being penetrated by any form of radiation.

radioparent

Capable of being penetrated by some form of radiation.

radiophotograph

A photograph transmitted by radio waves.

radiophotography

The transmission of photographic images or pictures by radio waves.

radiophotoluminescence

The luminescence displayed when particular minerals are irradiated with β-rays and g-rays, after being exposed to nuclear radiation.

radix

Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.

RAI

random access integration

rail -> optical bench

A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to the others, and a number of sliders equipped with holders for lenses, lamps,...

rainbow hologram

Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image reconstruction, the slit operates as the exit pupil in image space. The...

Raman absorption

The absorption of part of the photon energy by a molecule through which there is a slight energy change and the energy balance moves on.

Raman effect

When light is transmitted through matter, part of the light is scattered in random directions. A small part of the scattered light has frequencies removed from the frequency of the incident beam by...

Raman fiber probe

A flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman spectroscopy, the probe is capable of obtaining high-quality data at high...

Raman laser -> Raman effect

Raman scattering -> Raman effect

Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. Named after the Indian physicist Sir C.V. Raman...

random noise

Essentially, noise that cannot be predicted. Therefore, even if the magnitude of sound or oscillation in a system is known at a given moment, random noise can change in a short time.

range axis

The third dimension (depth or Z-axis) in an imaging system.

rangefinder

1. An optical distance finder that depends on triangulation of two convergent beams on an object from disparate view points. 2. A device that depends on the measurement of time of wave travel from an...

rapid rectilinear lens

A double meniscus system in which two achromatized meniscus lenses are arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, reducing or eliminating distortion, coma and lateral color.

rare earth dopants

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally introduced into the crystal lattice of a material to modify its properties....

rare gas halide laser -> excimer laser

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term excimer is derived from excited dimer, reflecting the nature of the gain medium...

rare-earth doped fiber

An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into the glass core matrix, yielding high absorption with low loss in the visible...

rare-earth elements

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their unique properties and scarcity relative to other elements. Despite their name,...

rarefaction

In a gas, the temporary drop in density caused by contact with a sound wave.

raster

The pattern of lines traced by rectilinear scanning in display systems.

raster scan display

A display in which regeneration takes place serially at a fixed speed in a set pattern through the scan lines.

Raster scanning

Raster scanning is a technique used in imaging and scanning systems to systematically capture and process information from a two-dimensional area or surface. It involves moving a sensor or scanning...

raster unit

The vertical or horizontal distance between two addressable points on a display screen; indicates the basic resolution element of a terminal.

ratiometer

An electronic device that minimizes short-term drift effects and random measurement error inherent in alternate ellipsometric measurement of two signals.

ratiometry

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to measure concentrations or quantities by comparing the intensity of two different...

ray

A geometric representation of a light path through an optical device; a line normal to the wavefront indicating the direction of radiant energy flow.

ray intercept plot

A graph of the intersections of a fan of rays with the final image plane, plotted as a function of the positions of the rays in the pupil of the system.

ray tracing

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene. It involves tracing the path of rays of light as they travel through a...

Rayleigh criterion of resolving power

When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of finite size surrounded by concentric rings. When two points are separated such...

Rayleigh interferometer

A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by two beams of light, one of which has been transmitted by the sample. A single...

Rayleigh limit

The restriction of wavefront error to within a quarter of a wavelength of a true spherical surface to assure essentially perfect image quality.

Rayleigh line

That element of a spectrum line in scattered radiation having a frequency equal to that of the corresponding incident radiation, due to ordinary or Rayleigh scattering.

Rayleigh prism

A prism system designed to produce a very high dispersion of light.

Rayleigh range

In the region of a Gaussian beam focus by a diffraction-limited lens, it is the axial distance from the point of minimum beam waist (Wo) to the point where the beam diameter has increased to .

Rayleigh scattering

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. It is named after the British scientist...

RBOC

regional Bell operating company

reaction chamber; resistance × capacitance

RDA

radar data acquisition

reactive evaporation

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through evaporation, and chemical reactions take place during or after the evaporation...

reactor

In chemistry, a device in which a chemical reaction takes place. In electronics, a device that introduces reactance into a circuit.

read-write capability

In an optical data storage system, denoting the optical head's ability both to record information and to detect it for playback.

reagent

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to detect the presence or absence of another substance. Reagents are employed in...

real holographic image -> conjugate holographic image

Also known as real holographic image. The indistinct, highly distorted image produced on the side of the hologram closest to the observer, in addition to the primary image. When the location of the...

real-time processing

The ability of a vision system to interpret an image in a short enough time to keep pace with most operations.

Photonics DictionaryR