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204 terms

Photonics Dictionary: I

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image compression -> data compression

A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential pulse code modulation; run end coding; run length coding.

image intensifier

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized electronic device used to amplify low-light-level images to make them visible to...

immersion liquid

Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses, photoelastic models, etc.

immersion objective -> oil-immersion objective

A form of high-power microscope objective where the space between the object and the first element is filled with an oil having the same index as that element. This form reduces losses, increases the...

immersion oil

An oil required by oil-immersion objectives that is applied between the exterior of the objective lens and a cover glass or appropriate specimen.

immersion refractometer

A type of refractometer designed to measure the refractive indices of liquids. A section of the instrument is immersed into the sample being measured.

in situ

In its natural or original position.

inclusion

The presence, within the body of the glass, of extraneous or alien material. See seed; striae.

indirect radiative transition

An energy transition concerned with the combination of a photon and a phonon.

inertial confinement fusion

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to release energy. In the case of inertial confinement fusion, the fusion reaction...

inertial fusion energy

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from the fusion of light atomic nuclei, typically isotopes of hydrogen, through a...

infrared signal generator

A device that combines electronic and optical techniques to form a monitored infrared signal between 1 and 14 µm. It contains an internal modulator to amplitude-modulate the output signal, an...

inner focusing

In a camera, the movement of one or more lenses behind the front lens, rather than of the front lens itself, to bring the subject into focus. Because internal focusing does not require the front lens...

inside curves -> cementing surface

The surface of an element of a compound lens that will produce the cemented interface. The curves of this interface are called inside curves. To facilitate cementing, the two inside curves should...

inside vapor-phase oxidation

A method that produces low-loss optical fibers. A glass tube rotates while reactants pass through the tube and heat is externally applied by a burner that traverses the tube. The oxidizable vapors in...

integral density

With respect to color photography, the measurement of the way the color film modulates the radiant flux in the optical system containing the film.

intensified charge-coupled device camera

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an image intensifier and a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor to achieve...

intensified charge-coupled device

A CCD image sensor that uses a proximity-focused image intensifier to provide greater sensitivity at low light levels.

intensified vidicon

A standard direct-readout vidicon tube linked by fiber optics to an intensifier for increased sensitivity.

intensity

Flux per unit solid angle.

intensity interferometer

An interferometer that functions by first detecting the light striking each aperture and then combining the two detector outputs. With an intensity interferometer, the primary collectors need not be...

intensity modulation

The process in which the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube varies in intensity in accordance with the magnitude of the signals it receives.

intensity-modulated sensor

A type of fiber optic sensor that responds to a change in the intensity of received light caused by the displacement or other phenomena being measured.

interstitial site

A position inside a crystal lattice that is not one of the proper lattice sites in the crystal. Impurity ions of the proper size can occupy such positions in an otherwise regular lattice.

intrinsic detector

A photodetector composed of a photoconductive material that, when exposed to radiation, conducts without the aid of added impurities and does not have to be cooled to the level of extrinsic material....

intrinsic joint loss

Loss intrinsic to the fiber caused by parameter (core dimension, profile parameter) mismatches when two nonidentical fibers are joined.

intrinsic photoconductivity

The absorption of a photon raising an electron across the forbidden gap from valence to conduction band of the semiconductor where conductivity is increased and incident radiation may be measured.

intrinsic photoemission

The photoemission that would occur if a crystal were pure and its structure perfect.

inversion

See inverted image; population inversion.

inversion prism -> reversion prism

A prism made of two elements cemented together that, depending on its orientation, inverts or reverts an image. It may be used in converging or diverging light. Sometimes referred to as a K prism.

invisible light filter

A filter that transmits infrared and ultraviolet but is opaque to visible radiation.

ion emission

The ejecting of ions from the surface of a material.

ion-assisted deposition

A technique for improving the structure density of thin-film coatings by bombarding the growing film with accelerated ions of oxygen and argon. The kinetic energy then dissipates in the film, causing...

ionic focusing

Also known as gas focusing. The introduction of an inert gas into a cathode-ray tube for the concentration of the electron beam. The gas molecules are ionized by the electrons, producing a core of...

ISI

infrared signature imaging

ISIT

intensified silicon intensifier target

isodensities

The points on a photographic negative that are of equal density.

IAD

ion-assisted deposition

IBAD

ion-beam-assisted deposition

IBS

ion-beam sputtering

ICCD

intensified charge-coupled device

ICF

inertial confinement fusion

ICO

International Commission for Optics

iconometer

An instrument in which an object's image, produced by a lens of known focal length, is used to determine the object's distance from the instrument when its size is known, or the object's size if the...

iconoscope

A camera tube that employs a high-velocity electron beam to scan a photoemissive mosaic and to store electrical charge patterns.

inside diameter

IDDS

integrated double differentiated sampling

ideal filter

Any filter in which the range of frequencies within a chosen radius suffers no attenuation and the range of frequencies outside the radius is entirely attenuated.

ideal radiator -> blackbody

An ideal body that completely absorbs all radiant energy striking it and, therefore, appears perfectly black at all wavelengths. The radiation emitted by such a body when heated is referred to as...

identification friend or foe system

A system that transmits and receives identification codes to facilitate the discrimination between enemy and friend in a tactical situation.

Photonics DictionaryI