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4,320 terms

Photonics Dictionary

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SI

International System of Units; step index

Systeme Internationale d'Unites, the international metric system of units.

SIC

semiconductor integrated circuit

SID

silicon imaging device; Society for Information Display

SIDE

suprathermal ion detector

side mode suppression ratio

The relation of power between center peak longitudinal mode with the nearest higher order mode.

side-lit cable

A type of fiber optic cable that emits light from its sides along its length.

sidereal time

Frequently used in astronomical measurement, it is based on the diurnal rotation of a star relative to the fixed stellar system.

siemens

The electric conductance of a conductor in which a current of 1 ampere is produced by an electric potential difference of 1 volt.

sign conventions

A convention that defines specific dimensions of an optical system, such as the image distance or radius of curvature of a lens or mirror, as negative or positive to facilitate calculations based on...

signal level

Calculation of peak and average transmission power at a given point along an optical fiber or cable.

signal period

Also referred to as the width of the dark pulse. This is the time interval between the instant the particle approaches the beam and the instant the particle leaves the beam.

signal-induced noise

Noise generated in the flow of current in the photomultiplier, produced by the intentional or controlled application of optical power to the photocathode.

signal-to-noise ratio

The ratio of the power in a desired signal to the undesirable noise present in the absence of a signal.

SILEX

semiconductor laser intersatellite link experiment

silica -> silicon dioxide

An abundant material found in the form of quartz and agate and as one of the major constituents of sand. The silicates of sodium, calcium, and other metals can be readily fused, and on cooling do not...

silicon -> optical-grade silicon

The element that resembles a lightweight metal, but when very pure, has a very high electrical resistance and is transparent to the infrared between about 0.5 and 15 µm.

silicon carbide light-emitting diodes

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is applied to them. These LEDs are made using silicon carbide as the...

silicon cell

A solid-state device, composed of silicon, that is used to convert radiation into electrical energy.

silicon dioxide

silicon monoxide

A material used as a protective layer on an aluminized or silvered mirror. It is evaporated on the mirror as a thin layer, and after exposure to the air the monoxide tends to become silicon dioxide...

silicon photodiode

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector specifically designed for detecting and measuring light intensity. Silicon...

Silsbee effect

The ability of an electrical current to destroy superconductivity by means of the magnetic field generated by the current. The temperature of the material is not raised, and the effect is identical...

silver halide emulsion

An emulsion in which grains of the photosensitive material silver halide are deposited. Each grain, when exposed to light, either develops or fails to develop as a unit, leaving a dark or clear...

silver spots

Spots in a polished glass surface that are opaque and have a silvery, metallic reflection.

silver-disc pyrheliometer

An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are proportional to the intensity of the solar radiation incident upon it. Using the...

SIMD

single-instruction/multiple-data

SIMOX

separation by implantation of oxygen

simple magnifier

A short focal length (less than five inches) positive lens used to produce a magnified image of the object being viewed. While a single element will function, an achromat or multielement assembly...

simplex

A fiber optic transmission system in which data can go in only a single direction.

SIMS

secondary ion mass spectrometry

simulated annealing -> global optimization

A controlled random search process, such as generalized simulated annealing, that has been incorporated into many optical design programs as a way of helping designers find the most suitable lens...

simultaneous dual field of view

A passive infrared system that uses two line-of-sight telescopes to generate both narrow and wide field-of-view images of the same target area, which can be presented on a single split screen or on...

simultaneous exposure and development

The process, used with a positive photoresist, in which the photoresist is immersed in developing chemicals while being exposed to the optical pattern. The newly exposed surface is continuously...

simultaneous location and mapping

Technology that uses data from an array of sensors, one of which is commonly lidar, to solve the problem of creating a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously maintaining a location within...

sin

sine of

sine condition

First stated by Abbe, condition states that the ratio of input and output angles, from object point to image point, for two arbitrary rays must be equal.

sine wave object

An object that has a sinusoidal variation of luminance. Its image will have a sinusoidal variation of illuminance and the only effect of degeneration by the lens system will be to reduce the...

sine wave response -> modulation transfer function

Also called sine wave response and contrast transfer function. The modulation transfer function is the ratio of the modulation in the image to the modulation in the object as a function of frequency...

sine wave target

Bar pattern represented as a sine curve in which the light distribution varies in one direction.

sine wave testing chart

A test chart whose luminance changes uniformly in one direction according to a sinusoidal rule. These charts carry groups of black lines on a white ground, the intensity profile across the lines...

single attachment station

In a dual-ring local area network, a node that is connected only to the primary, active ring and not to the secondary ring that provides a backup in case of cable or system failure.

single instruction/multiple data

A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby the processing elements are directed by a single, central control unit; generally used for large numbers of relatively simple processing...

single molecule localization microscopy

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the diffraction limit of traditional optical microscopes, allowing for the...

single-beam gradient trap -> laser tweezers

A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually changing the position of the laser beam or beams once the particles are...

single-defect model

A model that predicts laser-induced damage to thin films caused by irradiation of identical, randomly distributed film defects.

single-line laser

A laser whose output is limited to a single wavelength.

single-mode waveguide (or fiber)

An optical waveguide in which only the lowest order bound mode, which may consist of a pair of orthogonally polarized fields, can propagate at the wavelength of interest.

single-molecule FRET

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular biology used to study the distances and dynamic interactions between two...

single-molecule spectroscopy

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation. Single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) can image at subwavelength scales, down to a...

Photonics Dictionary