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412 terms

Photonics Dictionary: P

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packing density

1. In a photonic interconnect, the number of detectors in a given area. Detectors spaced too closely may give rise to crosstalk. 2. In the cross section of a fiber optic bundle, the ratio of fiber...

panchromatic sensitivity

Color sensitivity extended to cover the entire visible spectrum out to the red.

parallel processing

In imaging, the processing of pixel data in such a way that a group of pixels is analyzed at one time rather than one pixel at a time.

parallel transmission

A mode of data transmission whereby bits of information are carried simultaneously at different frequencies over a single channel.

parasitic oscillation

Oscillation in rod and disc amplifiers that critically limits the achievable energy storage.

passive optical component

A device that responds to incident light but does not generate light.

passive optical network

A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network architecture that uses optical fibers and passive optical components to provide high-speed broadband services to end-users. In a PON...

passive-matrix liquid crystal display

An LCD that has pixels with no internal drive transistors.

passive-matrix OLED display

An OLED display formed by creating an array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and cathode conductors arranged in rows and columns. Electrical power is passed through selected pixels by...

Pauli exclusion principle

The number of electrons that can share a principal quantum number by preventing identity between any two electrons' four quantum numbers, thereby permitting the periodic arrangement of the elements.

peak spectral emission

The wavelength at which a lamp radiates its highest intensity.

peripheral vision

The ability to see over large angles of view.

permanent magnetic focusing

The focusing of an electron beam by a magnetic field that permanently retains the majority of its magnetic properties.

phase position -> phase angle

1. The angle between two vectors that represent two simple periodic quantities that vary sinusoidally and that have the same frequency. 2. See phase.

phosphor persistence

The property of a phosphor that determines its ability to emit light for a time after the stimulus has been extinguished. Persistence may extend to over a minute.

photocathode luminous sensitivity

The responsivity of a photocathode to luminous energy equal to the ratio of the photoelectric emission to the incident luminous flux.

photodiffusion effect

The potential difference between two areas of a semiconductor when one is exposed to light.

photoelectric densitometer -> densitometer

1. An instrument used to measure the opacity or density of dyes, pigments or dispersed particles that form an image in or on a medium, such as a photographic film. 2. A device used to measure the...

photoelectric emission

The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.

photoelectric sensitivity

That property of a material that determines its ability to release electrons when absorbing photons.

photoemission -> photoelectric emission

The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.

photoemissive cell -> photoemissive detector

An electronic tube instrument in which the anode current varies with the intensity of light incident on the cathode.

photoemissive detector

An electronic tube instrument in which the anode current varies with the intensity of light incident on the cathode.

photoemissive effect -> photoelectric effect

The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect is the means by which photons may be detected.

photoemissive tube photometer

A photometer that uses a photoemissive tube to detect and measure light. See photoelectric photometry.

photoemulsion

In photolithography, an opaque material used in masks that has a lower optical density and grainier composition than chrome.

photographic dosimetry

The use of photographic emulsions to detect and determine the amounts of ionizing radiation, such as x-rays and gamma rays, in an area. This is accomplished by exposing the emulsion to the radiation...

photographic sensitometer -> sensitometer

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure or a continuously varied exposure; after processing, the density is measured...

photographic sensitometry

The measurement of the responsivity of photographic media and of the relations between exposure and density of developed images.

photolysis

The photochemical reaction of light present in the decomposition of a substance.

photolysis flash -> spectroscopic flash

The light flash, produced in flash photolysis, that is triggered within a second discharge tube by the third electrode. It is to be differentiated from the photolysis flash which is triggered within...

photomorphogenesis

The study of the effects of light on the growth and development of various plants.

photon sieve

A photon sieve is an optical device used in the field of optics and imaging. It's designed to focus and shape light, typically for applications such as imaging or microscopy. The photon sieve...

photopic vision

Vision by means of retinal cones; color vision. Relatively high levels of luminance are required for photopic vision.

photoresist

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)....

photosensitive recording

The recording achieved when a surface, illuminated by a signal-controlled light beam, emits electrons or reacts in some manner.

photosensitivity

That property of a material indicating that it will react when exposed to light energy.

photosensitizer

A substance that increases a material's sensitivity to electromagnetic irradiation. In photodynamic therapy, a drug used to render a target tissue sensitive to laser light.

photosite

A small section of the surface of a sensor corresponding to a single pixel in the image.

phototransistor tachometer

A tachometer consisting of a light source, rotating perforated wheel and phototransistor to measure the rates of rotation of components. The phototransistor counts the flashes formed when the wheel,...

phototransistor

A phototransistor is a type of semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical signals. Similar to a regular transistor, it consists of a semiconductor material (such as silicon) with...

physical optics

The branch of science that treats light as a wave phenomenon wherein light propagation is studied by wavefronts rather than rays, as in geometric optics.

physical vapor deposition -> magnetron sputtering

A variation from standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating techniques, magnetron sputtering is a plasma coating process that utilizes magnetic fields to contain the plasma in front of the...

physiological optics

The study of visual perception by the sense of sight.

physisorption

A type of adsorption in which the adsorbed layer is attached to the adsorbent surface by an attractive force between the atoms or molecules rather than by a chemical bond (chemisorption).

piezoresistance

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in response to applied mechanical stress or strain. This change in resistance...

pixel group processing

In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that treats each pixel in terms of its relationship to adjacent pixels. Perceived brightness trends facilitate spatial filtering.

plane densitometer

An instrument designed to give precise and rapid detection of changes in tumor growth as well as the location of small tumors by providing a three-dimensional picture of the tissue.

plasma chemical vapor deposition

The use of a plasma to induce the formation of oxides in the production of graded-index optical fibers.

plasma physics

The study of highly ionized gases. Many phenomena not exhibited by uncharged gases are associated with plasma physics.

Photonics DictionaryP