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ELI Dictionary Terms

photon tunneling microscope
An instrument in which visible light beyond the critical angle from a metallurgical microscope is focused on a reference...
quantitative phase imaging
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...
Gordon-Haus effect
Temporal jitter at a signal's receiver when amplified noise causes frequency shifts, as with a soliton traveling through an...
optical time-domain reflectometer
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...
deliquescent
Description of a material, such as a water-soluble salt, that will continue absorbing moisture from the surrounding...
chemical vapor deposition equipment
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...
Angstrom compensation pyrheliometer
A system used for measuring direct solar radiation.
nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy
Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...
photobiomodulation
A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...
coronal holes
Solar regions characterized by low density and open magnetic fields where high-speed solar wind streams originate....
two-photon polymerization
Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...
silicon carbide light-emitting diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...
effective aperture
1. That portion of the aperture that functions to collect energy and deliver it to the final system detector. 2. For an...
elaterite
The organic inclusion in quartz crystal that forms delicate films and microspheres and that shows a maximum absorption at...
nanotube
A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...
ducting
Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Earth's atmosphere in a path that conforms to the curvature of the Earth...
periplan eyepiece
A well-corrected flat-field eyepiece with good eye relief. Similar to a Huygenian.
flexible display
A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...
knife-edge scanning microscope
An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the...
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
Meissner effect
The elimination of magnetic fields from within a material as that material makes the transition from the normal to...
rectilinear propagation
Straight line travel. This denotes the fact that light travels in a straight line when traveling through a medium with a...
ionizing radiation
Generally, any radiation that can form ions, either directly or indirectly, while traveling through a substance.
induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ordinary cells that are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like...
light field
The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...
cleanroom
An area in which airborne particulates can be monitored and controlled so that given size particles do not exceed a...
optogenetics
A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...
antireflection coating
An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
optical dynameter
A small low-power microscope or magnifier with a scale that is used to measure the exit pupil diameter and eye relief on...
rapid rectilinear lens
A double meniscus system in which two achromatized meniscus lenses are arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture...
alpha particle
A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an unstable isotope, characterized by two protons and two...
lay length
In a fiber optic cable, the longitudinal length required for the transmission media, wrapped around a central member, to...
quenching
The inhibition or elimination of one process by another process. The stimulated emission of a laser oscillator can be...
diaphragm
A flanged or plain ring with a restricted aperture, located in an optical system at any of several points, that cuts off...
bakeout
The elimination of gases from the surfaces of a vacuum system by heating the surfaces when the pumping phase is occurring.
Fabry-Perot interferometer
A multiple-beam interferometer, usually consisting of two flat plates, with high reflective ability. The plates are set...
etaloning
Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...
eye relief
Also termed eye distance. The distance between the vertex of the last optical surface of a visual optical system and the...
pyrheliometer
An instrument for measuring the intensity of solar radiation.
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
generating mark
The curved mark formed when, in the process of generating, a loose or coarse diamond particle from the generating tool...
sapphire window
A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...
ring-laser gyroscope
A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a type of gyroscope that uses laser light to detect and measure changes in orientation. It...
digital video compression
A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image....
microphotonics
The technology of manipulating light on a micro scale. In optical communications, this is usually accomplished using two or...
injection-mounted assembly
A process by which a plastic cell is molded around a glass lens or lenses to create a mount, eliminating the metal barrel...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
sapphire optical fiber
Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...
excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
otoscope
An otoscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals, particularly ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists,...
coincidence rangefinder
An optical instrument used to determine the distance to a target being viewed. Two similar optical systems view the target...
GaAlAs laser
A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...
relief
The discernment of depth or apparent difference in distance that causes the object to stand out from its background because...
Angstrom mode
An operational mode for radiometers that analogs the method of operation of an angstrom pyrheliometer. In this mode, the...
heliograph
An instrument designed to record the duration and intensity of solar radiation.
cryospectroscopy
The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...
attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy
Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...
polycrystal
A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
micro-LED
Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...
thin lens
A concept used for purposes of preliminary calculations and analysis. In theory it is a lens whose axial thickness is zero.
femtosecond laser
A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...
virtual retinal display
The use of miniature scanners to project raster-scanned video images directly onto the surface of the human retina,...
spectroheliograph
An instrument in which an image of the sun is scanned by the entrance slit of a monochromator, the exit slit simultaneously...
reflectance confocal microscopy
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...
autofluorescence
Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...
traveling wave phototube
A traveling wave tube (TWT) containing a photocathode and window that, receiving a laser beam, produces a modified...
electron cyclotron maser
A maser that relies on the fact that electrons in orbital motion in high-magnetic fields will emit energy at the cyclotron...
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...
accelerometer
An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...
whole slide imaging
Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...
disc calorimeter
A device that provides simple and reliable laser power and energy measurement. Essentially a heat flux sensor producing an...
excimer laser coronary angioplasty
Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....
cryopump
A vacuum pump in which pressure is reduced by condensing gases on surfaces cryogenically cooled to about 20 K (liquid...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
amplitude hologram
A hologram in which diffraction is produced by the silver image, resulting in a dimmer image than in a phase hologram, where...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
recombinase polymerase amplification
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...
transfer blocking
A process used to control thickness and parallelism precisely during the production of plane-parallel plates. Elements are...
fluorophore
A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...
spectral pyrheliometer
Any pyrheliometer that has a filter placed over its sensor to limit the range of solar radiation it will detect; used to...
transport shift register
The element in a charge-coupled device that receives the charge packets transferred from the line of sensor sites and then...
photobleaching
Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...
stereolithography
A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...
mass relieving
The removal of material from an optical system to decrease the weight and sometimes the bulk of the system. See coring;...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting...
antigen
An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...
circulator
A passive device, having three or more ports, in which input light from one port is coupled only to the next sequential port...
Peltier cooler
A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...
RTSP protocol
RTSP, or real-time streaming protocol, is a network control protocol designed for controlling streaming media servers. It is...
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an international standard for medical imaging created by both the...
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
scintillation
1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...
xenon arc photocoagulator
An instrument for eye surgery that directs intense xenon arc light through the transparent cornea lens to the retina where...
aphelion
The point of a planet or comet's orbit that is farthest from the sun.
zero-order reflection grating
A grating that specularly reflects the specified long radiation wavelengths and diffracts the shorter wavelengths off in...
high dynamic range
High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...
multifibers
An array of optically distinct fibers that are fused into one strand. They are used to keep the resolution efficiency of the...
optically isotropic crystal
A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such...
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
scattering coefficient
The portion of light scattered when traveling through a unit thickness of material.
de Broglie wavelength
The concept of the de Broglie wavelength exploits the wave-particle duality of quantum physics by associating all matter (of...
standing wave
The combination of two waves having the same frequency and amplitude and traveling in opposite directions. Standing waves...
fluorescence
Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...
aplanatic surface
An aplanatic surface is an optical surface that is specifically designed or shaped to minimize spherical aberration and...
grating beamsplitter
A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into...
point cloud
A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
oil-on plate
A polished plano-parallel plate that is contacted to an unpolished glass surface to permit see-through analysis of the...
rectification
A technique used in photogrammetry to ensure parallelism during projection printing. Failure to do this will change a...
tunneling
An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...
companding
A deliberately nonlinear amplitude modulation that strengthens weak signals and reduces strong signals for transmission.
spatial filter
1. Generally, an emulsion mask having a clean annular region in an otherwise opaque region. It is designed to eliminate...
radio-frequency linear accelerator
A device used to accelerate the electrons in a free-electron laser by channeling microwave energy into waveguide cavity...
laser output
The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...
in vivo
In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...
fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna
A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...
Rockwell hardness
Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...
optical air mass
A measure of the optical path length for light traveling from the sun or other celestial source through Earth's atmosphere...
quantum-ehanced metrology
Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
scanning tunneling microscope
A high-resolution imaging instrument that can detect and measure the positions of individual atoms on the surface of a...
digital holographic microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...
surface quality standards
The standards of MIL-O-13830 set by the US government relative to tolerable surface scratches and other such defects in an...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
proof stressing
A means of testing the strength of optical fibers to ensure reliability, by applying stress to the fiber so that any flaws...
molded blank
A blank whose basic surface curves are attained by heating and forming a given weight of raw glass; a rough glass blank...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
heliostat
A device having a plane mirror so mounted that it can be set to reflect sunlight into a piece of laboratory equipment. It is...
diode laser
A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
micro-robotics
Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...
darkroom
A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive...
composite wave filter
A transducer composed of more than one high-pass, bandpass, low-pass or band-elimination filter.
fiber optic gyroscope
A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...
annihilation radiation
Gamma ray radiation released when matter and antimatter, such as electron and positron, unite and eliminate each other,...
structured illumination microscopy
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...
band-elimination filter
A filter that suppresses a given range of frequencies, transmitting only those above and below that band. Also called...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
mode interference noise
A condition causing variation in output power that is eliminated by mode locking.
liquid coating
A self-healing, index-matching, nonporous coating for optical components that can eliminate production difficulties and...
Crayford focuser
A high-quality focuser that uses rollers rather than gears and offers smooth, precise motion while reducing or eliminating...
dextrogyrate
Able to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted, plane-polarized light beam clockwise as seen by a viewer looking...
biomarker
A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...
gyroscopic camera mount
A mount that uses a floating suspension and a motor-driven gyroscope to keep a motion picture or still camera at a set angle...
double-clad fiber
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...
very long baseline interferometry
Consists of a pair of radio telescopes concentrated on a single celestial object. This technique creates a single radio...
label-free
Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...
safelight
Filtered light to which photographic or other photosensitive materials are not responsive; used to illuminate darkrooms when...
histology
Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...
flicker photometry
Heterochromatic photometry that depends on the elimination of chromatic flicker at a lower frequency than luminance flicker.
orange peel
In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
ordinary ray
The ray that has an isotropic speed and maintains a uniform polarization in all propagation directions when traveling in a...
remote laser welding
A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using...
GigE
GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...
resonance
Resonance can be defined in various contexts, including physics, chemistry, and music. Here are definitions for resonance in...
circular dichroism
Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...
gravitational lens
The effect of a powerful gravitational field on light traveling through the field. This effect is detectable in astronomical...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
Van der Waals
Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...
vacuum phototube
A phototube that functions within a vacuum and thus eliminates the effects of gaseous ionization on its electrical...
deformation constant
Any of the constants that relate the tendency of the director to remain parallel to restoring torques throughout the media....
optical tweezers
Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...
fiber-based confocal luminescence microscope
A microscope in which laser light is delivered through single-mode fibers that replace the pinhole usually used in confocal...
remote inspection
Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...
differential interference contrast microscopy
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...
quantum sensing
Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...
helical scanning
A method used in facsimile scanning that sweeps the elemental area across the copy in a spiral motion as the result of the...
front-surface mirror
An optical reflector with the reflective coating applied to the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates the ghost...
antiferromagnetism
The elimination of magnetic moments and decrease in magnetic susceptibility with a decrease in temperature due to the equal...
optical design and engineering services
Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...
computer-generated holographic scanner
A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...
MSM photodiode
A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
optical cements and adhesive
Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...
spectrum measuring instrument
A traveling microscope or an automatic microdensitometer used to measure the spectrum plate obtained in a spectrograph.
tunneling mode
fiber-lens fusing
A method of terminating optical fibers by forming a lens directly on the end of the fiber, eliminating the need for precise...
alignment laser
A laser, usually employing helium-neon or other gases as the active medium, used for alignment in industrial applications.
microfluidics
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...
Doppler signal
A signal traveling from transmitter to receiver that has an altered frequency due to the Doppler effect.
scanning probe microscope
See atomic force microscope; magnetic force microscope; near-field scanning optical microscope; scanning tunneling...
ultrafast pulsed laser
An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...
apochromat
An apochromat, often referred to as an apochromatic lens or apochromatic objective, is a type of optical system designed to...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
pellicle mirror
A thin, stretched plastic membrane cemented to a rigid supporting ring. It may be coated to act as a beamsplitter, for...
phase constant
With respect to a traveling plane wave at a known frequency, the space rate of decrease of phase of a field component in the...
laser-mediated gene transfer
Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
indirect illumination
The light formed by visible radiation that, in traveling from light source to object, undergoes one or more reflections. In...
time-averaged holography
Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative...
fiber optic sensor
A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...
pipeline
In image processing and elsewhere, generally an adjective to describe an assembly-line arrangement for performing a task....
chemical actinometer
A light-sensitive detector having a chemical compound that reacts when exposed to light. It is used in photochemistry and...
adaptive optics
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effects of...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...
die bonding
Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...
vacuum spectrograph
A spectrograph that functions in a vacuum and therefore eliminates any air-absorption of the emission being surveyed.
optical clock
An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...
holmium laser
Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...
design and engineering consulting services
Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...
spectrohelioscope
An instrument similar to the spectroheliograph, but having a scanning method that is performed by a pair of rapidly...
corner cube
A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light...
aplanatic points
Aplanatic points refer to specific points in an optical system where certain aberrations, such as spherical aberration or...
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...
additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...
light-powered telephone
Technology that relies on a highly efficient photodetector that can detect incoming light signals at one frequency and...
quantum confinement
Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...
temporal Fourier hologram
A technique used to suppress extreme noise amplification during digital image reconstruction that relies on smoothing and...
optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...
phase distrortion
Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...
aptamer
An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...
mirror testing
The observation and measurement of the flatness of a mirror surface by contacting an optical flat with the mirror. The...
averted vision
In astronomy, the method of deliberately viewing objects with peripheral vision to take advantage of the eye's greater...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
compound lens
A lens composed of two or more separate elements of optical glass that may or may not be cemented together. The surfaces of...
fiber optic cable assembly
A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...
nuclear track emulsion
A photographic emulsion of the silver-halide type that is used to record the path of a charged traveling particle. The...
single-molecule FRET
Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
digital twin
A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...
mask proximity correction
A technique used in photolithography of computer chips to compensate for errors caused by the proximity effect, which...
fiber optic transceiver
A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...
gas laser
One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...
laser lithotripter
A laser device intended for crushing urinary tract stones so they can be flushed from the body. Light is introduced via...
pulse forming network
A series of capacitors and inductors connected to the flashlamp in a pumped Nd:YAG laser system in order to regulate the...
GaN distributed feedback lasers
GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...
heterodyne receiver
A type of receiver that uses a local oscillator at a frequency deliberately offset from that of the incoming signal. It is...
fiber optic preform
A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...
liquid gate
An immersion liquid used to treat polarizing filters to eliminate the effects of surface variations and to minimize the...
colorimeter
A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...
machine vision lighting
Machine vision lighting refers to the use of specific lighting techniques and equipment in the field of machine vision,...
vertical leveling mirror
A two-sided mirror suspended by a pendulum mechanism. An autocollimator set normal to such a mirror surface will, by...
mask
1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...
spatial light interference microscopy
Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...
molecular modeling
A method of predicting the nonlinear optical effects exhibited by different molecules without synthesizing the molecules...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
laser lithotripsy
Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...
gravitational waves
Postulated by Einstein in his theory of relativity. They are waves traveling at the speed of light and exerting force on...
chemical laser
A laser that relies on chemical activity instead of electrical energy to produce the pumping action necessary to form pulses...
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
CoaXPress
CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
topological photonics
Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...
diffractive optics
Optical elements that use diffraction to control wavefronts. Diffractive optical elements include diffraction gratings,...
quantum well
A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...
retroreflector
A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...
silver-disc pyrheliometer
An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are...
virtual base
The product of the actual base or baseline of a rangefinder or heightfinder, and the power or magnification of the...
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
total internal reflection fluorescence
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...
laser surgery
Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...
inertial fusion energy
Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...
radioactivity detector
An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...
probe card
A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...
fluorescence lifetime imaging
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...
error correcting code
The addition to the information signal in communications of redundant bits that enable the originally encoded message to be...
coring
A mass-relieving method whereby material is removed through the sides of a reflector in a direction parallel to the surface....
modulation transfer function analysis/measurement equipment
MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
indent
A flaw deliberately introduced into an optical fiber to prepare it for cleaving.
tunneling ray
 lidar
Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...
integrated Dewar cooler assembly
An infrared detector mounted directly on the cold finger of the Dewar cooler rather than at the interface of Dewar and...
linear positioning stage
A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...
phase screen
A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...
Pockels cell
A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...
nanoimprint lithography
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...
unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. UAVs are remotely...
laserstrobe
A stroboscopelike apparatus that uses a copper vapor laser to illuminate an object for very short time periods (about 30 ns).
Geiger counter
Also called Geiger-Müller counter. An instrument designed to detect and measure radioactivity through the use of a...
liquid marble
Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...
aspheric mirror
An aspheric mirror is an optical mirror surface that deviates from the shape of a perfect sphere, having a non-spherical...
linear optics
Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...
freeform mirrors
Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...
spectroheliogram
The image of the sun produced by a spectroheliograph.
arc light source
In present usage, especially for spectroscopic identification, an arc between electrodes that serves as a radiation source....
coherent fiber bundle
A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...
annular eclipse
A type of solar eclipse that occurs when the sun is at perihelion and the moon is at apogee. Because the apparent size of...
burst mode laser
A high-frequency pulse-rate laser with an output limited by the heat capacity of the laser medium. Instead of having...
diffraction scattering
Elastic scattering that occurs when inelastic processes eliminate particles from the beam.
laser contact tip
A surgical device used to deliver laser light. Specifically,contact tips are made with artificially grown sapphire which is...
ratiometry
Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...
medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
helium leak detector
A small mass spectrometer used to find leaks in a vacuum system by detecting the presence of helium. Using a magnetic...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
atomic force microscope
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...
traveling microscope
A measuring instrument composed of a microscope and reticle, and mounted on a calibrated slide mechanism. May be used...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
riflescope
A small erect-image telescope for use as a sighting device on a rifle. The chief requirement is a long eye relief to avoid...
fiber photometry
An optical recording technique that uses light source(s), a beamsplitting cube, light detector(s) and an optical fiber...
baseline
The smallest amount of photon energy to pass a detector window and be counted.
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
spherical aberration
Spherical aberration is an optical aberration that occurs when light rays passing through a lens or curved optical surface...
hydrogel
A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...
integram
A reflection hologram using multiple color lasers that integrates various graphical techniques to allow the display of...
lumen
A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...
structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...
optical channel monitor
An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...
laser marking
Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...
neural network
A computing paradigm that attempts to process information in a manner similar to that of the brain; it differs from...
linear receive optics
Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

(310 results found)

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