A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of lasers. The primary function of the laser crystal is to amplify light by stimulated emission of photons, leading to the generation...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

Transparent glassy and or crystalline structured materials engineered from inorganic, non-metallic materials via various...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

The organic inclusion in quartz crystal that forms delicate films and microspheres and that shows a maximum absorption at...

The distortion of an object's true image as the result of abnormal atmospheric disturbances along the path traveled by the...

Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

A laser having a lasing material that is a fluorescing organic dye. Depending on the dye used, it can produce emission in...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

An inorganic compound, yellow to orange in color, that fluoresces strongly enough when bombarded by a high-current-density...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

Also known as UV-VIS spectrometer, a device that measures the absorbance, reflectance or transmittance of light in the...

Techniques used in biology to produce microradiographs of cells, tissues or small organisms.

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

The combination of the organic dye in a stained specimen and the antibodies produced that is detected by exposure to light.

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

The logarithmic method of determining emulsion speeds developed by the German standards organization, Deutscher...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

The technique that uses light to detect and analyze the antibodies produced by a specimen stained with an organic dye.

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

Chirality is a property of certain molecules and objects in which they are non-superimposable on their mirror images. In...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...

The organ of vision or light sensitivity.

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...

A type of mirage that creates a distorted vertical image of relatively flat objects so that they appear as mountains,...

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...

A test used to measure the degree of fading of different colored materials, especially those involving organic dyes, which...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual...

Founded by professor Albert Munsell. In the field of colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that identifies...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

A particle that will not normally diffuse through animal or vegetable membrane. Larger than most inorganic compounds,...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic...

Class of organic dyes that emit coherent radiation over a wide spectral range.

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

Any organic substance, that when dissolved in appropriate liquid based solvents will absorb and emit electromagnetic...

A laser that uses a substance in the liquid state, such as an organic dye, as the active lasing medium.

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

A light-harvesting protein found in the purple membrane of a micro-organism called Halobacterium halobium. The protein...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

A laser with a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is carbon-based. The dye is mixed with a solvent, allowing...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to...

The application of observed operational processes of sophisticated living organisms to mechanical and electrical systems in...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Heatless light emissions from living organisms caused by the combination of oxygen and pigments such as luciferin.

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...