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IEC Dictionary Terms

filar eyepiece
A measuring eyepiece with a screw-micrometer-driven crosshair used to measure the size of the image.
lensometer
An ophthalmic instrument used to measure the magnitude and direction of the maximum and minimum powers of a spectacle lens,...
astronomical mirror
An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...
microcircuit manufacturing
The formation of transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and other electronic elements directly on a flake of silicon by...
comparison microscope
Two microscopes that are coupled on a common stand, the two images being projected side by side in the field of view of a...
coherent fiber bundle
A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...
compensating eyepiece
A microscope eyepiece designed for use with apochromatic objectives. Since apochromatic objectives are undercorrected for...
rhomboid prism
A reflecting prism that is rhomboidal in shape. It has two parallel transmitting faces, and two parallel reflecting faces;...
piecewise interferometry
An interferometric technique for the generation of precision gratings that allows for sequential exposure of small segments...
optical bench
A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to...
mechanical tube length
In a microscope, the physical distance between the focal points of the objective lens and the eyepiece. The standard tube...
power density
In laser welding or heat treating, the instantaneous laser beam power per unit area. This parameter is key in determining...
diopter movement
The adjustment of the eyepiece of an instrument to provide accommodation for the eyesight differences of individual...
ocular prism
The prism used in a rangefinder to bend the lines of sight through the instruments into the eyepieces.
fusing
The permanent uniting of two glass pieces by high-temperature heating.
panoramic telescope
A telescope so manufactured that the image remains erect and the position of the eyepiece is unchanged as the line of sight...
binocular microscope
A microscope designed with two eyepieces (oculars), permitting the use of both eyes when viewing through the instrument.
Harting Dove prism
A direct-vision prism made in one piece that can be used only in parallel light.
auxiliary telescope
A low-power telescope placed at the eyepiece of an optical system to increase overall magnification. Most often used to...
Babinet compensator
A device containing two opposed quartz wedges of equal angle, one wedge being movable along its length by a micrometer...
hyperplane eyepiece
An eyepiece similar to the Huygenian eyepiece, but having an eye lens that is a cemented doublet and that provides more...
Bertrand lens
A small convergent lens, located between the objective and eyepiece of a microscope, that focuses an image of the upper...
orthoscopic eyepiece
A telescopic eyepiece that produces a field of view between 40° and 50°. The eyepiece consists of a single element...
computer-generated holographic scanner
A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...
major
A blank to which a piece of glass of a different refractive index will be fused to form a multifocal lens.
diopter scale
A scale located on the eyepiece focusing screw and used to measure the amount of defocusing of the eyepiece in diopters. The...
eye lens
The lens of an eyepiece nearest the observer's eye.
monolithic device
A device that is fabricated in a single piece; A device (i.e. circuit) that is operated at a single frequency or a single...
fluorographic camera
A camera with a very high aperture lens or mirror system for photographing x-ray fluorescent screen images, mainly to save...
microscope eyepiece
An eyepiece located at the near end of the microscope tube. It often is a simple Huygens eyepiece, but compensating and...
dichroscopic eyepiece
An eyepiece used in a polariscope or polarizing microscope to give a comparison view of the same object under illumination...
coincidence rangefinder
An optical instrument used to determine the distance to a target being viewed. Two similar optical systems view the target...
binocular magnifier
A device having a pair of decentered lenses, one for each eye, that focuses on a single object as a magnifier. It is often...
autocollimator
An autocollimator is an optical instrument used for measuring small angular deviations with high precision. It operates on...
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting...
coring
A mass-relieving method whereby material is removed through the sides of a reflector in a direction parallel to the surface....
flying spot microscope
A microscope that uses a flying spot scanner, directed through the eyepiece, as a light source to determine the features of...
window
1. A piece of glass with plane parallel surfaces used to admit light into an optical system and to exclude dirt and...
astronomical telescope
An astronomical telescope is a type of optical instrument designed to gather and magnify light from distant celestial...
pinhole eyepiece
A type of eyepiece, or the modification of an eyepiece, in which a small hole, without a lens, functions as the eye lens;...
Martens wedge
A wedge-shaped piece of quartz typically found in a polarimeter to monitor and rotate the plane of polarization of plane...
slicing and cutting machines - for crystals, quartz, glass, etc.
A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...
Huygenian eyepiece
An ocular having two planoconvex lenses that are formed from similar glass and that are separated by a space equal to half...
laser lithotripsy
Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...
mirror blank
A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...
kidney-bean effect
A dark region created by spherical aberration of an eyepiece's exit pupil. Because of the aberration, an observer's eye must...
eyepiece micrometer
 button
A piece of glass with a high refractive index that is fused to the major blank.
Kellner eyepiece
An eyepiece consisting of a planoconvex field lens and a cemented doublet as the eye lens.
clear eye distance
In a visual optical system, the axial distance from the last mechanical surface of the eyepiece to the exit pupil.
computer numerically controlled grinding
Computer numerically controlled (CNC) grinding is a manufacturing process that utilizes computerized controls and precision...
fiberscope
An optical instrument consisting of an objective lens, a coherent (usually flexible) fiber bundle and an eyepiece to examine...
lens blank
A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...
optical dummy
1. A lens formed to a desired curve and used to form a polisher. 2. A piece of glass included in a block to fill out the...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...
Greenough microscope
A form of a stereoscopic microscope having paired objectives, prisms and eyepieces, and invented by H. Greenough.
heliostat
A device having a plane mirror so mounted that it can be set to reflect sunlight into a piece of laboratory equipment. It is...
distance of distinct vision
The near-point distance of the normal eye. The value of 10 in. or 25 cm is normal. This value is used in evaluating the...
Galilean telescope
A refracting telescope that yields an erect image by the use of a positive lens for its objective and a negative lens for...
diamond turning
Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...
wide-field fluorescence microscopy
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...
film weld
The butt (edge to edge) splice of two pieces of film produced by a heat splicer that melts the edges together; used in...
microscope
An instrument consisting essentially of a tube 160 mm long, with an objective lens at the distant end and an eyepiece at the...
focus
1. The focal point. 2. To adjust the eyepiece or objective of a telescope so that the image is clearly seen by the observer....
Ramsden eyepiece
An eyepiece consisting of two planoconvex lenses of the same focal length, with facing convex surfaces.
Newtonian telescope
A telescope with a concave paraboloidal objective mirror and a small plane (diagonal) mirror that reflects rays from the...
Keplerian astronomical telescope
A simple form of astronomical telescope that uses a fixed objective and a focusable eyepiece. The objective forms an...
flat blank
A piece of glass having a crude plano surface on each side.
colmascope
A polariscope used to demonstrate strain inherent in a piece of glass.
Brucke loupe
A telemicroscope in which a negative eyepiece is used to produce erect images.
blank
A piece of glass, quartz or other transparent material formed roughly by molding or cutting into the approximate shape and...
full wave compensator
A piece of uniform birefringent material placed at a 45° angle to the plane of polarization in a polarizing microscope...
telescope lens
A telescope lens is a primary optical component of a telescope system that gathers and focuses light to form an image. It is...
parfocal eyepiece
One eyepiece of a set having equal distances from their mounting interface to their image plane, permitting freedom to...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
eikonometer
A scale attached to a microscope eyepiece that is seen superimposed on the image and that is used to measure the dimensions...
microfilm equipment
Two essential pieces of equipment used in connection with the microfilming process: a camera capable of producing, on film,...
coincidence prism
A compound prism consisting of an assembly of small prisms cemented together that is used in a coincidence rangefinder to...
Erfle eyepiece
A telescopic eyepiece comprising five or six simple lenses in the form of three doublets or two doublets and a singlet.
Lippich prism
A small half-shade analyzer placed in the eyepiece of a polarimeter to determine the character of the polarized light...
jig
A device to hold and locate a workpiece as it guides, controls or limits a cutting tool.
optical flat
A piece of glass, pyrex or quartz having one or both surfaces carefully ground and polished plano, generally flat to less...
objective
The optical element that receives light from the object and forms the first or primary image in telescopes and microscopes....
pointer eyepiece
A Huygenian eyepiece containing a pointer at its focal plane that is used -- when viewing an object through the eyepiece --...
GRIN lens
A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...
prism binoculars
A pair of telescopes with prismatically erected images, mounted side by side with the eyepieces at the interocular distance...
alignment telescope
An optical tooling instrument consisting of an objective lens, a focusing lens, an optical micrometer, a reticle and an...
periplan eyepiece
A well-corrected flat-field eyepiece with good eye relief. Similar to a Huygenian.
Cornu-Jellet prism
A prism formed by dividing a Nicol prism in a plane parallel to the path of vibration of the transmitted light and taking...
microdensitometer
The fundamental tool of microdensitometry, the microdensitometer is an instrument used for the precise measurement of...
field lens
1. A lens situated at or near the plane of an internal image to project the aperture of a previous objective or erector upon...
body
In the optical field, a piece of glass to which a lens or prism is cemented. The unit is ground and polished as a whole to...
erecting eyepiece
An eyepiece combined with an erecting prism or lens system.
semifinished blank
A formed piece of glass, one surface of which has been ground and polished to the required curvatures.
measuring eyepiece
Also known as an eyepiece micrometer. A microscope eyepiece that has a finely divided scale ruled or photographed on a...
free-abrasive machining
The process whereby a rotating wheel carries grains of an abrasive, suspended in a vehicle, across the surface of the...
wide-field eyepiece
An eyepiece or magnifier capable of covering a field of view that is greater than 50°.
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
disc
A piece of glass that eventually becomes the bifocal segment as it appears prior to being fused to the blank.
planform bonding
A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...
image splitting eyepiece
An eyepiece having a special prism arrangement linked to a micrometer screw to allow reading of the angular relations...
eyepiece
Also known as ocular. The lens system used between the final real image in a visual optical system and eye. It acts as an...
mandrel
A shaft, spindle or any object generally passed through a workpiece to hold, support or shape a particular piece during its...
cutting
The process of forming a lens to a given pattern, or of cutting a piece of glass along the line of scratch.
optical element
An optical part constructed of a single piece of optical material. It is usually a single lens, prism or mirror.
goniometer eyepiece
An eyepiece having a rotating index or cross wire linked to an external 360° scale to allow measuring of angles in an...
biprism
A piece of glass polished flat on one side, with a pair of polished faces that form an angle close to 180° on the other...
stereoscopic rangefinder
A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field,...
dioptometer
A telescopic system having an eyepiece, a reticle and an objective. The instrument measures wavefront power in diopters.
grain isolating diaphragm
In a microscope, the diaphragm located between the Bertrand lens and the eyepiece, which is closed during conoscopic viewing...
Gregorian telescope
A telescope with an ellipsoidal secondary concave mirror that reflects rays from a parabolic primary mirror through an...

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