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PI Physik Instrumente - Semiconductor Applications 5/24 ROS LB
INO Dictionary Terms

Jacquinot advantage
The higher throughput obtained with an FTIR device compared with traditional spectrometers that need slits to achieve...
infrared binoculars
An instrument, similar in design to regular binoculars, that can transmit and enlarge infrared images.
ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....
oscillogram
A record formed when the luminous trace or image produced by an oscilloscope is photographed.
vision
The processes in which luminous energy incident on the eye is perceived and evaluated.
objective prism
1. A prism used in some instruments to bend light 90° before it enters the objective. 2. A dispersing prism located in...
illuminance
Luminous flux incident per unit area of a surface; luminous incidence. (The use of the term "illumination" for...
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a...
Aston dark space
In the discharge of a vacuum tube, the narrow, nonluminous region that sometimes may be found between the cathode and its...
eye test apparatus
Instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study the eye. There are, for instance, the ophthalmoscope to...
spectral luminous efficacy
Ratio of the luminous flux in a beam of radiation to the spectral radiant flux in the same beam at a given wavelength.
kinoform filter
A computer-generated kinoform used for data processing because of its use of incoherent light and its wide field of view,...
lambertian emitter
An optical source that has a luminous distribution that is uniform for all directions.
flame spectrum
The emission spectrum formed by the radiation from a sample that has been evaporated by a nonluminous flame.
luxmeter
An illuminometer designed to measure illumination in terms of luxes.
mean spherical luminous intensity
The average luminous intensity of a point light source measured over all directions.
horopter
The locus of the points in the field of binocular vision that are observed singly. The images of these points correspond to...
sky filter
A filter designed to decrease the luminosity of the sky without decreasing that of the landscape in the foreground. A filter...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
visual field
The angular field of view that is seen by the eyes when fixed on a point straight ahead. The normal binocular visual field...
Langmuir dark space
A nonluminous area around a negatively charged probe that is inserted into the positive column of an arc or glow discharge.
prism
A prism is a geometric optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It is typically a solid, transparent...
chemical actinometer
A light-sensitive detector having a chemical compound that reacts when exposed to light. It is used in photochemistry and...
metabolic imaging
Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...
cathode glow
The apparent luminosity or glow that immediately envelops the cathode in a gas-discharge tube operating at low pressures....
Craik-O'Brien effect
Observed when alterations in the luminous sterance at the contour of an object create the illusion of the outer zones...
rhomboid prism
A reflecting prism that is rhomboidal in shape. It has two parallel transmitting faces, and two parallel reflecting faces;...
binocular vision
The ability of the two eyes to see an object from two slightly different points of view. This difference allows an...
calcium tungstate
White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.
liquid-surface holography
The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...
luminous paint
A mixture of phosphor with a trace of a radioactive element that emits faint light continually. It is used on watch dials...
ophthalmic instruments
A family of specialized instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study a patient's eyes and prescribe...
wedge photometer
A photometer that uses a wedge, marked to show its reduction of flux density, to make two light sources equal in intensity...
gram negative
Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...
microheterogeneous systems
Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...
aureole
The indistinct, less luminous portion lying immediately outside an electric arc whose spectrum often differs from that of...
illuminated
Characteristic of a surface or object that has luminous flux incident upon it.
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
stereoscopic rangefinder
A rangefinder similar to a pair of binoculars with a long base, a dot or other wander mark provided in each eyepiece field,...
equiluminous colors
Colors differing only in chromaticity but not in luminance.
clinometer
An instrument for measuring the vertical angle of an object. It usually contains an accurately made protractor, a sensitive...
spectral luminous efficiency
Ratio of the radiant flux at a particular wavelength lm to that at any other wavelength l, such that both radiations produce...
glass
A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...
luminous efficacy
Quotient of total luminous flux divided by total radiant flux; lumens per watt. (For a source, quotient of total luminous...
Waidner-Burgess standard
A standard of luminous intensity evaluated as the luminous intensity of 1 cm2 of a blackbody at the melting point of...
self-luminous light source
Any material that derives its energy from chemically or electrically induced reactions; isotope or radium excitation is used...
candela
SI unit of luminous intensity. It is defined as one sixtieth the normal intensity of one square centimeter of a blackbody at...
distance-luminosity relationship
In astronomy, the relation that states that the intensity of a star's visible radiation is inversely proportional to the...
Faraday dark space
The nonluminous area that divides the negative glow from the positive column in a Crookes tube under conditions of moderate...
caustic
A surface that envelops a bundle of rays or bundle of normals to the wave surface. It may be observed as a hollow, luminous...
Geissler tube
A specific gas-filled tube designed to illustrate the luminous effects of discharges through rarefied gases.
stereo acuity
The ability to perceive binocularly the apparent depth and relative distance of objects.
luminous energy
A measure of the time-integrated amount of flux. It has units of lumen-seconds and might be used to describe such things as...
cathode-ray tube pattern
The luminous trace formed on the cathode-ray tube screen by the motion of the electron beam.
dipvergence
The vertical angular disparity between the lines of sight of the left and right systems in a binocular instrument....
binocular
Designating any instrument in which both eyes can be used to view the image to achieve a stereoscopic effect, or merely to...
illuminometer
A photometric instrument used to measure the illumination falling on a surface. It may be photoelectric or visual.
spicule
A feature in the chromosphere of the sun formed by a jet of gas that reaches from the chromosphere into the corona and has...
total flux
The luminous flux emitted by a light source in all directions.
maximum luminous reflectance
The greatest luminous reflectance possible for a specified chromaticity.
double vision
A defect of a binocular instrument causing two images to be seen separately instead of being fused. It is caused when the...
field of view
The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given...
spectrum light source
A lamp that yields a nonluminous flame; used in the spectroscopic analysis of radiation emitted by a substance placed in the...
luminosity
Quality or state of being luminous.
actinometer
A device that measures the intensity of photochemically active radiation, particularly from the sun. One form of this...
enhanced Faraday effect
The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...
interpupillary distance
The separation between the exit pupils of a binocular instrument. This usually is adjustable so that it can be set equal to...
luminous efficiency
Ratio of radiant flux weighted according to V(l), the spectral luminous efficiency, to the corresponding radiant flux.
luminance
Luminous flux emitted from a surface per unit solid angle per unit of area, projected onto a plane normal to the direction...
prism binoculars
A pair of telescopes with prismatically erected images, mounted side by side with the eyepieces at the interocular distance...
fata morgana
A type of mirage that creates a distorted vertical image of relatively flat objects so that they appear as mountains,...
bench photometer
A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by locating a point between the two light sources where the...
time-lapse optical coherence tomography
Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...
high dynamic range
High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...
luminous flux
Descriptive of the radiant power of visible light modified by the eye response. It is the measure of the flow of visible...
carcinotron
binocular parallax
The difference in angular bearing of an object as seen by the two eyes, due to the separation of the visual optical axes.
optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...
lux
SI unit of luminous incidence or illuminance, equal to 1 lumen per square meter.
neon tube
An electron tube containing neon gas that uses the transmission of an electric current through the gas to ionize the neon...
lumen
A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...
retinoscope
field glass
A handheld binocular telescope that is commonly of the Galilean type.
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
biocular
A term pertaining to devices (generally optical) designed for use with both eyes viewing through a single exit pupil. The...
luminous
Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation as perceived by the eye; that is, with the contributions as wavelengths in the...
binocular microscope
A microscope designed with two eyepieces (oculars), permitting the use of both eyes when viewing through the instrument.
chip-on-board lights
Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...
diffractive lens
Any optical device that utilizes diffraction in an image-forming capability. Familiar diffractive lenses are zone plates,...
cadmium sulfide
An inorganic compound, yellow to orange in color, that fluoresces strongly enough when bombarded by a high-current-density...
luminous emittance
Luminous flux emitted per unit area of a source, expressed as lumens per area.
sol-gel
A gelatinous fluid that can be used as a porous thin-film coating for optical components, including laser beam collimators,...
divergence
1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...
binocular threshold
The absolute luminance threshold for detection by the two eyes.
cuton wavelength
In filter terminology, that wavelength where the filter transmission increases beyond 5 percent.
retinography
The process of photographing the retina of the eye.
Hefner unit lamp
A gas lamp used in the early 1900s as a physical standard for measurement of luminous intensity. The Hefner unit was...
microstereoscope
A binocular microscope designed for the viewing of stereo pairs. As these stereoscopic image pairs are seen through a...
cladding mode
A mode that is confined by virtue of a lower-index medium surrounding the cladding. Cladding modes, in the terminology of...
fractional photothermolysis
A laser skin-resurfacing method that creates microscopic thermal wounds referred to as microscopic treatment zones (MTZs),...
photometer
A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by comparing the illuminance they produce.
photoclinometer
A photographic recording instrument that measures deviation from the vertical of a drilled well or mine.
kinoform
Lens which, by altering the phase, efficiently images through a holographic process.
eyepiece
Also known as ocular. The lens system used between the final real image in a visual optical system and eye. It acts as an...
cutoff wavelength
1. In detector technology, the long wavelength at which detector response falls to a set percentage (usually 20 or 50...
polarization photometer
A photometer having a pair of Nicol prisms introduced into the beam from the brighter of two sources to be compared. Turning...
optical ceramics
Transparent glassy and or crystalline structured materials engineered from inorganic, non-metallic materials via various...
stereopsis
The perception of depth due to binocular vision.
backward-wave oscillator
An amplifying device with a wide tuning range in which an electron gun sends a beam of electrons into a slow-wave structure....
Porro prism erecting system
The arrangement of two Porro prisms so that the inverted image formed by certain types of optical instruments is the same as...
binocular collimation
The adjustment of a binocular instrument so that the lines of sight of both telescopes are parallel.
alphanumeric display
A luminous display of numbers and the letters of the alphabet.
luminous intensity
Luminous flux emitted by a source in a given range of directions; the unit of measure is the lumen/steradian, now known as...
metabolite
A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...
spectral centroid
Average wavelength usually determined for light-transmitting devices by taking a weighted average for each wavelength of the...
maximum luminous efficiency
The greatest luminosity possible for a specified chromaticity.
comparison lamp
A reference incandescent light source having a luminous intensity that is used in photometry for comparison of other light...
maximum luminous transmittance
The greatest luminous transmittance possible for a specified chromaticity.
colloid
A particle that will not normally diffuse through animal or vegetable membrane. Larger than most inorganic compounds,...
trinoscope
A color-television viewing system with three kinescopes, three lenses and three deflection yokes used to form the red, green...
spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...
candlepower
The luminous intensity of a source of light expressed in candelas.
Porro prism
A 45-90-45° reflecting prism whose surfaces form the 90° angle reflecting the light beam through a total angle of 180°. The...
luminous exitance
The total luminous flux given out per unit area; i.e., the sum of the luminous emittance and any radiation that is reflected...
scintillation spectrometry
The method of determining the energy distribution of high-speed charged particles by the luminous effect formed when the...
actinochemistry
The study of chemical changes produced by radiation.
flux
Time rate of flow of energy; the radiant or luminous power in a beam.
perovskite
The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...
swept source optical coherence tomography
Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...
photocathode luminous sensitivity
The responsivity of a photocathode to luminous energy equal to the ratio of the photoelectric emission to the incident...
international candle
A unit of measurement of luminous intensity based on a physical standard, a set of calibrated carbon filament lamps. The old...
opaque
A term describing a substance that is impervious to light; the characteristic of a substance that has no luminous...
binocular magnifier
A device having a pair of decentered lenses, one for each eye, that focuses on a single object as a magnifier. It is often...
GigE
GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
afterglow
The luminosity that remains in a rarefied gas after an electrodeless discharge has traversed the gas.
binocular luster
The glossy appearance of an object viewed, because of the binocular combination of two very unlike colors.
luminosity curve
Plot of spectral luminous efficiency vs. wavelength.

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