A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a multipocket crucible is used, many materials can be processed at the same time.

A chemical detection technique used to measure molecules that have a magnetic dipole moment. The analysis is directed to...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

A small telescope mounted on a tripod and free to rotate about a vertical axis. A spirit level is mounted over the telescope...

The selective absorption of electromagnetic waves by a liquid made up of molecules with permanent dipole movement.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ordinary cells that are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

Electric polarization characterized by homogeneous polar dielectrics and ascribed to the position of the permanent molecular...

The process of aligning the crystallites in a piezoelectric material by placing a large DC field across the element at an...

Refers to the transistors in which the working current flows through only one type of semiconductor material, either P-type...

Simulation of radiative transfer in which each photon is generated by a source and its path through the medium is...

A molecule that is the mirror image of another molecule. The two mirror-image molecules have the same chemical properties;...

The Mills Cross telescope is a two dimensional radio telescope in which the two antenna arrays are positioned perpendicular...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

A simple electrostatic lens with a focus controlled by a single potential difference.

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

Refers to transistors in which the working current flows through two types of semiconductor material: N- and P-type. In...

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

The area closest to an aperture or source where the diffraction pattern differs substantially from that observed at an...