A microscope that allows examination of a small crystal and conveniently provides linearly polarized object and reference beams so that, by suitable orientation of an anisotropic crystal, the optical thickness for light vibrating along each...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

Family of deterministic models of plant canopy reflectance that provides deterministic formulation for each necessary...

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...

A hygroscopic powder used in the photographic process.

A doubly refracting mineral used to produce polarizing prisms. It is uniaxial negative and in the trigonal division of the...

An acid-resistant, lustrous volcanic glass, usually black or banded.

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

A concept used for purposes of preliminary calculations and analysis. In theory it is a lens whose axial thickness is zero.

A convention that defines specific dimensions of an optical system, such as the image distance or radius of curvature of a...

When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of...

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...

FMCW lidar stands for frequency-modulated continuous wave lidar. It is a type of lidar (light detection and ranging)...

Also known as radiation thermometer. A pyrometer in which the radiant intensity from the source to be measured is used to...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

The formula that gives the wavelength of maximum spectral radiant emittance of a perfect blackbody: λmax =...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A heterochromatic photometric process using successive comparison of similar chromaticities and the calculation of relative...

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....

A technique in which a beam of x-rays is directed against a crystal, the atoms of which, because of their lattice...

Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...

A device that is used to produce or analyze plane-polarized light. It may be a Nicol prism or some other form of calcite...

A method of resampling in which a 16-pixel neighborhood around a given pixel from the original image is used to calculate...

Instantaneous field of view (iFOV) is a term commonly used in the context of remote sensing, imaging systems, and optical...

An image-enhancement technique in which each pixel is subjected to a mathematical operation that groups it with its nearest...

Calculated at a given point in a medium as the instantaneous pressure at that point in the presence of a sound wave, minus...

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

The calculated normal distance from a photon source at which harmful interaction with the incident light will occur....

A calculated measure of the ability of an incident force to cause an object to spin. The spin speed of any given object is a...

The adjustment of the eyepiece of an instrument to provide accommodation for the eyesight differences of individual...

A law that uses the square of the cosine between the plane of polarization of a beam of plane-polarized light and the plane...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

The coefficient termed by Callier as the ratio between the density of photographic negatives measured by parallel light and...

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

An abundant material found in the form of quartz and agate and as one of the major constituents of sand. The silicates of...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

Calculation of gas and aerosol transmission and emission characteristics for several model atmospheres, including two model...

A type of birefringent polarizing prism that transmits the extraordinary ray and removes the ordinary ray through total...

A technique that uses a solid-state laser and a detector to determine an object's relative distance to the system. The laser...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

Measurement derived from calculation when incident flux of a negative is entirely diffuse and all radiation transmissions...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

Calculation of the probability of an interaction between two types of particles, such as light absorption, excitation or...

The separation of unpolarized light into two plane-polarized elements by a doubly refracting crystal. When a crystal, such...

A double-plate device used to transmit polarized light and form interference fringes of the light, thus indicating its...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Material hardness scale that is used to characterize the scratch resistance of various materials. This surface hardness...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

A device attached to the end of an alignment telescope that detects and calculates a plane mirror's rotation axis that is...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal such as calcite or ruby in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of...

Uniform measure of time based on dynamics law and calculated according to planetary orbital paths; specifically, Earth's...

A polarizing prism assembly made up of two cemented calcite halves. The prism transmits the ordinary ray without deviation,...

1. Calculated distance between two exactly opposed points on a beam at a chosen fraction of peak power (typically 1/e2). 2....

A photon sieve is an optical device used in the field of optics and imaging. It's designed to focus and shape light,...

An equation that uses the wavelength of light passing through a medium, along with a set of coefficients, to calculate the...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

An optical-quality polymer used in birefringent retarders.

In image processing, a specially designed programmable computer peripheral that attaches to the host system for the purpose...

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

For a Fabry-Perot interferometer or etalon, a value for the transmission bandwidth which can be calculated as the ratio of...

The optical form of the crystal fluorspar, calcium fluoride, that is utilized for its low optical dispersion, its low...

A polarizing prism formed from calcite that is like the Nicol prism but has the two parts divided by a thin air-film and cut...

A test for spherical aberration, coma or astigmatism in which incident rays from a point source are isolated by small holes...

An optical recording technique that uses light source(s), a beamsplitting cube, light detector(s) and an optical fiber...

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

A type of birefringent filter, similar in principle to the Lyot filter, consisting of many identical birefringent elements,...

When applied to LCD grids, the active matrix is a means of supplying power to pixels by use of a transistor and capacitor....

A polarizing prism consisting of two calcite prisms cemented such that they deviate the two emerging beams (which are...

A statistical method of dealing with a series of values where each value is squared, the mean of these squares is...

A calculated function that can be achieved experimentally with interferometric analysis of complex atmospheric altitude;...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.

A prism invented by William Nicol in 1828 that is made of calcite, the end faces of which are ground to an angle of 68°...

A soft, malleable, stable rare-earth element. Holmium laser systems are used in surgical procedures involving the cutting...

Calculation of peak and average transmission power at a given point along an optical fiber or cable.

The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...

An optical material used in place of crown glass to produce lenses with extraordinary correction of chromatic aberrations....

Calculated quantity of the entire longitudinal wave of a solid substance's electron gas.

In photography, the technique of taking multiple pictures of the same subject at different exposures to compensate for...

In fiber optics, the use of a detector to study the range of refractive indices achieved at various wavelengths. This...

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

Calculations of lens aberrations whereby the first two terms of the series expansion are the only ones employed....

1. A geometrical arrangement of two or more light beams for use in laser shows, object detection or other applications...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

A lens intended for use with wavelengths shorter than about 380 nm. It must be made of quartz, calcium fluoride, lithium...

A tabulation of predicted positions that have been calculated for one or more celestial bodies or orbiting satellites.

A means of determining a prism's index of refraction by placing the prism so that its emergent face is perpendicular to the...

The circle that contains the slit, grating and primary astigmatic focus of a concave diffraction grating.

The three lines in the spectrum of cadmium that have the purest radiations and that were first used by Michelson to...

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...

A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...

Theoretical calculation of the cross section for a nuclear reaction given in the vicinity of a single resonance level in the...

A fish-eye lens designed to photograph cloud formations over the entire visible sky.

Calculation of the amount of energy extracted from a light beam regardless of its wide range resolution.

An LCD that has pixels with no internal drive transistors.

A microscope to which a beamsplitter and illuminated reticle have been added to measure the radius of curvature of a...

Compilation of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories that contains values of the line parameters of the 1-0 bands of...

Gas detection measurement technique that uses a built-in capacitative microphone to calculate the amount of absorbed laser...

The use of computer analysis in the calculation of diffraction patterns for information on the design of optical systems. In...

A statistical method of dealing with a series of values where each value is squared, the sum of these squares is calculated...

A calorimetric calculation from which the temperature vs. time dependence of any point on a sample can be determined,...

A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...

A characteristic of laser output, calculated by dividing the speed of light by the linewidth of the laser beam. The temporal...

A characteristic of optical fiber used to calculate the fiber's ability to maintain polarization. The beat length describes...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

An instrument designed to calculate the amplitude and phase of the different harmonic elements of a radiation wave utilizing...

A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...

Also called calcite. A natural hexagonal crystal of calcium carbonate. It cleaves readily into rhomboids useful in the study...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

A system of sensors and related instrumentation that allows a navigable object (usually a missile) to locate its destination...

Calculates the exponential growth of the least stable spatial frequency in a laser beam, and is the numerical equivalent of...

A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...

A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this...

Thermal emission caused by the unity in absorption bands that must be discriminated when calculating radiation intensity of...

A 3D profile sensor, also known as a 3D profiling sensor or 3D depth sensor, is a technology that is used to capture and...